B.sc Nursing 2nd Year Sociology Imp Questions 2024

In this post b.sc nursing 2nd year sociology important questions are being given for 2024. 

Write these questions in sequence in your notebook and prepare accurate answers to them. 

Some of these questions may be asked in the upcoming BSc nursing sociology question paper. 

It is not that only similar questions will be asked, they can also be asked in a twisted manner. 

Therefore, your preparation should be such that you can understand and answer those twisted questions. 

It has been seen many times that questions are taken from previous question papers also. 

Therefore, prepare well for these and score good marks in the examination. 

You can use your textbook or advanced sociology book to write accurate answers to the BSc nursing sociology important questions given here. 

If there are still any problems then contact your professor and get them resolved. 

Ensure that your concepts are clear on this topic and write the answers to these questions in your own words. 

With this, you can easily remember the answers of b.sc nursing 2nd year sociology question paper given below and they will remain in your mind for a long time. 

All the questions of this set given here have been selected based on the BSc Nursing Sociology previous year question paper. So that students can help in understanding the pattern of questions. 

On receiving the question paper in the examination hall, first of all, check the entire question paper. 

In case of any error, contact the invigilator and get the problem resolved. 

Answer the questions as per the instructions given on the first page of the question paper.

Use only as many words as have been asked to write the answers. 

This will save you time. 

Let us solve the questions given here.

Important Questions Of Sociology In Nursing

Sociology Important Questions For B.sc Nursing 2nd Year

• Explain the difference between society and community.
• "Culture plays an important role in an individual's health". Discuss.
• Explain family as a basic unit of society.
• Describe the process of socialization.
• Explain the role of family in health and disease. 
• Explain culture and describe the influence of culture on health and disease. 
• Describe the nature and scope of sociology.
• Describe the institution of family and marriage in India.
• Discuss the health effects of alcoholism.
• Discuss the functions of the family in detail.
• Explain the role of family on an individual's health.
• Explain the Malthusian theory of population. 
• Discuss the salient features of an Indian village.
• Write down in short-marriage Acts in India.
• Explain the meaning and types of social systems.
• Classify social groups.
• Explain the class system.
• Distinguish between cooperation and competition.
• What do you mean by cooperation competition and conflict?. 
• What do you mean by social mobility?.
• Explain social welfare performance in India.
• Describe the trans culture society.
• What is meant by de-addiction? 
• Discuss the availability of health facilities in rural areas in detail.
• Define 'Caste'. Explain the influence of the caste system on health and health practices.
• Describe the role of the nurse as a change agent.
• Write down a short note on the panchayat system.
• Write briefly on the following:- (a) Cultural lag (b) Personal disorganization (c) Child labour (d) HIV/AIDS (e) Role of nurses in social control (f) Rights of women.
• Distinguish between Primary groups and Secondary groups.
• Explain the theories of social change.
• Describe the remedial measures to tackle social problems.
• Describe the role of a woman in the traditional and modern family.
• What is social control? Mention the types of social control?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Cooperation and Co-ordination (b) Conditions of Marriage (c) Fraternal polyandry (d) Vertical mobility (e) Who has given the theory "Circulation of Elites"? (f) Ascribed status.
• Write briefly on the following:- (a) Process of socialization (b) Write any four differences between rural and urban communities (c) Impact of population explosion in India (d) Discuss ill effects of illiteracy (e) Write a short note on child abuse (f) Causes and remedies of prostitution.
• Explain the advantages of a joint family.
• Write any two specific beliefs of Indian culture that have beneficial health effects. 
• Discuss accommodations as a social process.
• What is Social Isolation, enlist the causes of social isolation and discuss the role of a nurse in the social rehabilitation of a person suffering from Leprosy.
• What is Medical Sociology?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Ill effects of Slum (b) Poverty (c) Importance of education of girl child (d) Contribution of August Comte to the development of Sociology (e) Social Stratification (f) Care of Geriatric Population.
• What is a Clan?.
• Explain Juvenile Delinquency. Describe the factors causing Juvenile Delinquency & explain the remedial measures for prevention.
• Mention the types of childhood.
• Define the social problems and explain the types of social problems. Explain the factors causing social problems.

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B.sc Nursing 1st Year Computers Imp Questions 2024

In this post b.sc nursing 1st year computers important questions are given for 2024. 

By writing these questions in your notebook and preparing their answers, you can score good marks in the upcoming examination. 

These questions have been selected based on a previous BSc nursing 1st year computer paper. 

Many questions from the set given below have been asked in the exam question paper in the past and are being asked again and again. 

Therefore take these questions seriously. 

You can also use an advanced computer book for accurate answers to these questions on the computer question paper. 

You have to keep in mind that the answers to these questions should be to the point. 

Before writing the answers to the questions in the examination hall, it is necessary to follow the guidelines given in the question. 

With this, you will be able to give equal time to all the questions. 

In the examination hall, write those questions which you know well to answer first. 

This will increase your confidence level. 

All questions are compulsory. 

Draw diagrams wherever necessary for the questions. 

The questions given below have been prepared based on nursing 1st year computer previous year questions so that you do not face any problem in understanding the pattern of questions. 

Try to write the answers to all the questions given here in your own words, so that you can remember them easily. 

If the questions given here are completely different from your syllabus, then you can also use it as a BSc nursing 1st year computer sample paper or model paper. 

This is suitable for your practice and will help you a lot in understanding the questions. 

Let us solve them.

Computer Questions For Nurses

Introduction To Computer Questions Of B.sc Nursing 1st Year

• Explain the various uses of Computers?.
• What is the Role of E-Commerce?
• What is meant by Multi-Media?.
• Describe the Application of Computers in Nursing?.
• What is meant by PACS?
• What is the difference between primary and secondary storage memory?.
• What is meant by telemedicine?
• What do you understand by Hospital Management System?.
• Which program is used to access the internet?
• Describe the following terms:- (a) Hard Disk (b) C.D.
• Write the full form of the PDF?.
• Write down the Salient Features of the Hospital Management System?.
• What is the role of Antivirus software in computers?.
• Explain the following:- (a) Web Browsers (b) Uses of E-mail and E-mail through the browser (c) Procedure to download the documents from websites.
• What is print layout view in MS Word?.
• Explain the uses of the Internet.
• Explain the normal view in MS Word?.
• How to do wallpaper and screensaver settings on the computer?
• Discuss the standard Toolbar in M.S. Word.
• Define the Data Processing.
• What are the browsing buttons?.
• Define WordPad.
• What is M.S. PowerPoint? What can you do in PowerPoint?.
• What is a computer virus?
• What is a slide master? How it can be used to Customize your Slides?.
• Explain Input devices and Output Devices.
• What is a Web Search Sign? How it works.
• How to create slides in MS PowerPoint?.
• What is www.? How it is different than the internet.
• How to create a new E-mail account.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) What are IP Address and Domain Names? (b) Explain Cut, Copy, and Paste Commands?.
• Write in detail about the basic components of the computer.
• How can you insert a chart to a Slide in M.S.Power Point?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) List five formatting tools in MS Word and explain (b) Write short notes on Software.
• What is the autofill feature in M.S. Excel? Explain with the help of an example.
• What is meant by DOS and explain four DOS commands?
• What is IMAP and MIME?.
• Write short notes and explain "Mail Merge".

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B.sc Nursing 1st Year Microbiology Imp Questions 2024

In this post b.sc nursing 1st year microbiology important questions are given for 2024. 

These questions have been collected with the help of previous question papers and question banks. 

Many of these questions have been included in BSc microbiology important questions that have been asked consistently in previous years and are likely to be asked in the future. 

Therefore, all the questions given here are important and you have to be serious and prepare answers to them. 

Both long questions and short questions have been included in this set, answers to long questions are to be written in 500 words and short questions are to be written in 200 words. 

Your effort should be to write the answers to these in your own words. 

So that they can be remembered easily and for a long time. 

With this process, answers to microbiology important questions for b.sc nursing 1st year can be revised in less time before the exam. 

To prepare their answers, first of all, write these questions in your notebook in sequence read the related chapter of your textbook 2 to 3 times, and try to write the answers. 

Some important instructions are given on the first page of the BSC nursing 1st year microbiology question paper given in the examination hall. 

You have to write your answers following these instructions. 

Use only as many words as are recommended to write the answer. 

This will save you enough time for other questions and you will be able to give equal time to all the questions. 

If you face any difficulty in solving the questions given below, you can get help from your professor or advanced microbiology book. 

Let us solve the Microbiology important questions bsc nursing given here.

B.sc Nursing Important Questions

Bsc Nursing 1st Year Microbiology Important Questions

• Classify bacteria and describe the factors affecting bacterial growth. 
• Briefly discuss the following:- (a) Cholera (b) ELISA.
• Define gas gangrene. Write about the morphology, culture characters, pathogenesis, and lab diagnosis of clostridium.
• Define hypersensitivity reaction and describe hypersensitivity skin test.
• Enlist organisms causing diarrhea. Write in detail about the pathogenesis and laboratory diagnosis of cholera.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Gram Staining (b) Culture method (c) Collection of sputum for tuberculosis diagnosis and sampling methods (d) Antibiotic sensitivity test (e) Principles of microbiology to be followed by the nurse.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Bacterial growth curve (b) Oral Polio Vaccine (c) Hot Air Oven.
• Define the following:- (a) IgA (b) Route of transmission of infections (c) Louis Pasteur (d) Sterilization (e) Bacterial flagella (f) Endotoxin (g) Normal flora of the body.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Shape of bacteria (b) CSF (c) Thermophile (d) Benefits of bacteria as normal flora (e) Magnification in the light microscope (f) Focal infection (g) Mention any four characters of virus (h) Types of antigen (i) Non-pyogenic complications of S.pyogenes (j) Polio vaccine.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Amoebic liver abscess (b) Dengue virus (c) Dimorphic fungus (d) Importance of hand hygiene.
• Write contributions of Robert Koch.
• Define the antibiotic. Write down different classifications of antibiotics available with appropriate examples?.
• Discuss briefly:- (a) SARS CoV-2 (b) Biomedical waste management. 
• Write the mechanism of action of penicillin.
• Discuss briefly:- (a) Live attenuated vaccine (b) Type 1 hypersensitivity (c) Standard precautions (d) Aspergillosis (e) Covid-associated mucormycosis.
• Define vaccine and vaccination. Enumerate various vaccines available to prevent six killer diseases. Chalk out immunization schedule up to five years of age.
• Write a note on Candidiasis.
• Enumerate all species of malarial parasite. Briefly describe the life cycle, pathogenicity, and lab diagnosis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
• Write the short notes on the following:- (a) Cold chain (b) Laboratory diagnosis of urinary tract infection.
• Define the following terms:- (a) Disinfection (b) How bio-medical waste is managed in your hospital?
• Define Nosocomial infection. Describe modes of transmission of Nosocomial infection. Role of a Hospital Infection Control Nurse (HICN).
• Define immunity. Write the difference between live vaccine and killed vaccine, Write a short note on Anaphylaxis.
• Write about standard safety measures to be followed by a nurse in a clinical area?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Dermatophytes (b) Widal Test (c) Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus (d) Characteristics of ideal Disinfectant.
• Enumerate parasites found in blood smear. Describe the life cycle of the Malaria parasite. Write in short about Lab diagnosis of Malaria.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Autoclaving (b) Various culture media (c) Handling and Transportation of various specimens (d) Principles of Microbiology (e) Transmission of Hepatitis B virus (f) Antigen Antibody Reaction.
• Describe the chain of infection. Write factors influencing infection. Write the methods of prevention of infection. 
• Write the difference between Active and Passive Immunity.
• Describe opportunistic infection in HIV. Write modes of transmission and laboratory diagnosis of HIV.

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B.sc Nursing 1st Year Psychology Imp Questions 2024

In this Post b.sc nursing 1st year psychology important questions are given for 2024. 

By writing the answers to these questions, you can make notes and also prepare a revision set for the exam. 

Write these questions in sequence in your notebook and prepare their answers with the help of your textbook. 

If there is any problem in writing answers or understanding the questions, then contact your professor or try to solve them with the help of an advanced psychology book. 

In this b.sc nursing 1st year psychology question paper, all those questions have been included, which were being asked repeatedly in the previous examination and there was a possibility of them being asked again. 

Before writing answers to the questions of the B.Sc Nursing Psychology question paper given in the examination hall, read the instructions given on the first page of the question paper and try to write the answers as per the instructions. 

There is a guideline as to how many words the answer has to be written, write your answer accordingly. 

All questions given here are compulsory. 

Draw diagrams wherever necessary. 

Use a common answer book for all sections. 

It will be even better if you write the answers to the bsc nursing psychology important questions given below in your own words. 

It will take you less time to memorize them and you will be able to revise them easily before the exam.

The set given here is a b.sc nursing model paper and guess questions, which will help you to practice this subject. 

You can download more sets of such questions from the internet and practice as much as you can. 

Let us solve these questions.

Psychology Important Questions Bsc Nursing

Psychology B.Sc Nursing 1st Year Question Paper

• What is Self Actualization?.
• Explain the introvert type of personality.
• What are the characteristics of Emotion?.
• What is the importance of psychology for nurses?
• Explain conflict Resolution.
• Define Hallucination and its types. 
• What is Hereditary and Environment?.
• Discuss various methods to improve memory.
• What are anxiety disorders?.
• Write the causes of Mental Retardation. 
• Define Memory and explain types of memory. Explain Memory Training.
• Write the psychological needs of an infant. 
• Define perception.
• Explain the Observational method.
• Enlist the principles of Perception. 
• Write short answers to the following:- (a) Projective Tests in Psychology (b) Nurse-Patient Relationship (c) Factors affecting Learning (d) Characteristics of Mentally Healthy Person (e) Explain concepts of Id, Ego, and Super-ego with examples (f) Clinical Method in Psychology.
• What are the Factors Affecting Perception?.
• Write the phases of counseling. 
• Define Learning & Explain the types of learning.
• Write the note on Stress Adaptation. 
• Explain any one theory of Learning.
• Explain the external changes that occur during emotional reactions. 
• Explain Maslow's theory.
• Explain any five Mental Mechanisms and write the advantages of mental mechanisms. 
• Explain how to develop listening skills.
• Explain the Psychoanalytical theory given by Sigmund Freud.
• Explain Mental age and IQ.
• Enlist projective tests and explain the Rorschach ink Blot Test.
• Enlist and explain 2 Branches of Psychology.
• What do you mean by individual differences and what are the types of individual differences?.
• Explain the type theories of Personality.
• Define thinking. Explain the steps of creative thinking and the characteristics of a creative person?.
• Write the significance of understanding individual differences in patient care for nurses.
• Define Attitude & Explain factors affecting Attitude. Explain the Relevance of attitude to Nurses.
• Explain the theory of trial and error with an experiment/example. 
• Define stress and stressors. Explain the cycle of stress and its effect on health.
• Explain psycho-sexual stages according to Sigmund Freud.
• Write theories of forgetting.
• Explain how a nurse has to cope with stress.
• Define motivation and write the types of motives. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Intelligent Quotient (b) Body-mind relationship. 
• Explain the General Adaptation Syndrome by Hans Selye with one example.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) the Psychological problems of women (b) the Influence of culture to shape the personality.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) WAIS (b) Types of Attention (c) Adolescence (d) Sensation (e) Operant conditioning (f) Coping.

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B.sc Nursing 1st Year Nursing Foundation Imp Questions 2024

In this post B.Sc nursing 1st year nursing foundation important questions are given for 2024. 

By writing answers to these questions, you can prepare excellent notes for yourself, which will save you time in revision before the exam. 

For these questions, the help of B.Sc Nursing 1st Year Nursing Foundation Question Paper and Question Bank has been taken. 

Here those questions have been included, which have been asked many times in the previous exam and are also possible questions for the upcoming exam. 

Apart from advanced books, you can also take the help of your professor to prepare answers for these. 

Try to answer all the questions of this nursing foundation question paper in your own words. 

So that you can remember them easily and for a long time. 

You can use this b.sc nursing model paper for practice, you will also find other such sets available on the internet. 

By downloading them you can increase your confidence level by practicing more and more. 

The nursing subject is tough, but studying in the right direction can make this subject easy. 

Studying this subject can make your career and get a good job. 

These questions selected from many sets of Nursing Foundation previous question papers will help you in scoring good marks in the examination. 

Before writing answers to the questions in the examination hall, it is necessary to follow the guidelines given on the first page. 

Write the answer in as many words as you are directed to write. 

This will save you time and you will be able to give equal time to all the questions. 

Let's solve them.

Nursing Foundation Important Questions

B.sc Nursing First Year Nursing Foundation Practice Question Paper

• What are Vital Sings? Why is it important to monitor vital signs?.
• Define communication. Explain the process of communication and the various factors affecting communication.
• Explain the causes and nursing care of pressure points. 
• What are the Nursing Measures for Hypothermia?.
• Write down the procedure of Backcare.
• Needles and Sharps (e) Care of Patient in the Recovery Room.
• Explain the wound healing process. 
• Define bed bath.
• Describe the care of the patient with altered consciousness. 
• Explain the procedure of bed bath in a bedridden patient.
• Describe the nurse's responsibilities in the following:- (a) While doing back care of the bedridden patient (b) While caring for the dying patient.
• Define Health.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Complication of dirty Mouth (b) Basic life support (c) Factors influencing pain (d) Euthanasia (e) Biomedical waste management (f) Health belief model (g) Embalming.
• Explain the rights of the drug administration. 
• Discuss the nurse's role in Inventory, Providing a safe and clean environment, and promoting rest and sleep.
• Discuss the nurse's responsibilities in drug administration.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Nurses Record (b) Specimen collection (c) Code of Ethics (d) Nurses' responsibility in using and Disposal of 
• Write two indications for Bladder Irrigation. 
• Describe various methods of data collection.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Two sites for Intramuscular Injections (b) Two indications for Naso-Gastric Tube Feeding (c) List four Types of Pain (d) Methods to prevent Bedsores (e) Factors affecting Wound Healing (f) Name four Comfort Devices.
• Discuss the scope and nature of nursing.
• What is Pulse?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Bowel wash (b) Comfort devices.
• Describe the role of the nurse in providing a safe and clean environment.
• Enlist the good qualities of a nurse.
• Write a short answer to the following:- (a) Classification of wounds (b) Types of bandages (c) Normal range of Pulse rate (d) Ryles tube feeding (e) Two indications for Sitz bath.
• Differentiate between medical and surgical asepsis.
• Explain Nursing interventions of the following:- (a) Patient with retention of urine (b) Patient with hyperpyrexia.
• Write the expansion of (a) INC (b) TNAI.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) First Aid in Snake bite (b) Orem's Theory (c) Principles of body mechanics (d) Stem sterilization (e) Storing of medicines (f) Principles of bed making.
• Define medication. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Maintenance of patient's airway (b) Care of the patient with chest drainage (c) Hazards and prevention of needle stick injury (d) Nursing intervention in fluid and electrolytes imbalance. 
• What is Maslow's Hierarchy theory?.
• Explain characteristics and factors affecting respiration. 
• What is dyspnoea?
• Explain methods of physical examination.
• Explain Nursing Responsibilities for the following:- (a) Moving, lifting, and transferring patients (b) Prevention of nosocomial infection (c) Patient absconding and leaving the hospital against medical advice (LAMA).
• Write the indications for nasogastric suction. Explain procedure.
• Explain the nursing responsibilities for the following:- (a) Application of hot water bag (b) Admission of the patient to the hospital (c) Meeting the psychosocial needs of the patient.
• Write a short answer to the following:- (a) Define hospital (b) Expand MLC (c) What is the meaning of condemnation of article? (d) What is the meaning of isolation? (e) What is the meaning of a sling? (f) State the clinical signs of death.
• What is Inventory?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Roy's adaptation theory (b) the Nurse's responsibilities in caring for an unconscious patient.

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B.sc Nursing 1st Year Nutrition And Biochemistry Imp Questions 2024

In this post, b.sc nursing 1st year nutrition and biochemistry important questions are given for 2024.

Many of these questions have been asked repeatedly in the examination question paper and there is a strong possibility of being asked in the upcoming examination also. 

These questions may or may not be asked in the same format in the upcoming examination. 

Meaning, they can be included in the question paper even by twisting them. 

Therefore, try to write correct answers. 

These questions have been collected from previous B.Sc nursing 1st year nutrition and biochemistry question papers. 

Nutritional biochemistry question paper has been presented as a separate set, to make it easier for your students to understand the questions.

From the question paper given here, you can better understand the questions asked in the examination. 

To write the answers to these questions, use the nutrition and biochemistry textbook issued by your university or contact your professor and prepare the answers. 

First of all, write these questions in your notebook in sequence, then write their answers. 

Before writing answers to the questions in the examination hall, read the instructions given on the first page. 

Write the answer using as many words as are recommended. 

You should try to write the answer in your own words. 

Nutrition and biochemistry is an important topic of B.sc nursing question papers and many questions can be easily asked on this topic. 

Therefore, give equal importance and time to all types of questions. 

Let us solve these questions in order.

Nutrition Biochemistry Important Questions

B.sc Nursing 1st Year Nutrition Important Questions

• Mention the functions of proteins. Explain protein energy malnutrition.
• Classify the lipids with examples. Mention the functions of phospholipids and cholesterol.
• Explain sources, recommended daily allowance, functions, and deficiency of vitamin C.
• Give an account of various methods of food preservation.
• Give an account of the various methods of cooking.
• Define pellagra.
• Explain the digestion and absorption of proteins. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Prevention of Food Adulteration Act (PFA) (b) Balanced diet (c) Role of nurse in nutrition education (d) Classify the lipids with examples (e) Digestion of carbohydrates.
• Define nutrients. 
• Write brief answers to the following:- (a) Enumerate the iodine deficiency disorders (b) Calorific value of carbohydrates and facts (c) List down four uses Naturopathy diet (d) Write the sources of Vitamin B12 (e) Normal serum levels of sodium and potassium.
• Enlist macro and micro elements of nutrients.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Classification of foods (b) functions and deficiency of Vitamin C (c) Essential amino acids (d) Body water distribution and its regulation. 
• Mention 4 functions of the integrated child development scheme. 
• Describe in brief factors affecting food and nutrition. 
• Write brief answers to the following:- (a) Causes of hyponatremia (b) Toxicity of iron (c) Dietary sources of calcium (d) Functions of vitamin K (e) Name pro-vitamins A and D.
• Explain protein energy malnutrition and its nutritional management.
• Write brief answers to the following:- (a) Enumerate tour clinical features of Nutritional anaemia (b) List the uses of Zinc.
• Enumerate the signs and symptoms of dehydration. 
• Differentiate between kwashiorkor and marasmus. 
• Define Body Mass Index (BMI). Explain in detail the factors influencing BMI.
• Suggest some preventive measures for the nutritional problems. 
• Define Basal Metabolic rate (BMR). Explain the factors influencing BMR.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Nutrition education (b) Balanced diet (c) Principles of weaning (d) Nutritional programs. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Protein-energy malnutrition.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Function of Calcium (b) Regulation of sodium balance in the body (c) Functions and deficiency of thiamine.
• Define water intoxication.

B.sc Nursing 1st Year Biochemistry Important Questions

• Explain the digestion and absorption of lipids. 
• Explain the structure and functions of hemoglobin.
• Write an essay on Sources, recommended daily allowance, absorption, functions, and deficiency of iron.
• Differentiate between prokaryotes and eukaryote cells. 
• Classify the enzymes with examples. Explain the competitive inhibition of enzymes. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Biosynthesis of fat (b) Composition of Vitamin A.
• Define ovulation. 
• Draw the structure of an eukaryotic cell. Name the subcellular organelles and mention their functions.
• Explain the regulation of blood glucose levels.
• Enumerate the general structure of immunoglobulins. Mention the properties and functions of different types of immunoglobulins. 
• Enumerate the various types of detoxification reactions with examples. 
• Explain the double helical structure of DNA.
• Classify the plasma lipoproteins. Mention their functions. Explain atherosclerosis.
• Draw a labeled diagram of the eukaryote cell.
• Name the renal mechanisms for maintaining acid-base balance.  
• Given an account of liver function tests.
• Write brief answers to the following:- (a) Normal serum levels of cholesterol and calcium (b) Essential fatty acids (c) What are isoenzymes? Name the isoenzymes of creatine kinase (d) Self-monitoring of blood glucose (e) Name four enzymes.
• Write the reactions of the urea cycle. Add a note on transamination. 
• Give two examples of free radicals.
• Define active transport.  
• What are mucopolysaccharides? Mention the composition and functions of any four. 
• Name the tests for ketone bodies and bile salts. 
• Name the important substances formed from tyrosine, tryptophan, and glycine.
• What is the optimum pH of enzymes? 
• Describe the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Gout (b) Hyper Cholesteremia (c) Mutation-Definitions and types. 
• Write a brief answer to the following:- (a) name the blood buffers (b) List the classification of amino acids.
• Define ELISA?
• Explain the structural features of collagen and Elastin. 
• What are the applications of ELISA?.
• Explain the TCA cycle. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Immunoglobins (b) Free radicals and antioxidants (c) Gycolysis (d) Fluid mosaic model (e) Urea cycle (f) Storage and transport of iron (g) Lipoproteins and their function.
• Explain metabolic acidosis in detail. 
• Give an example of each of saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids. 
• Explain the structure and function of tRNA and mRNA.
• Write brief answers to the following:- (a) Write the steps in doing the Benedict Test (b) Enumerate the functions of Lysosome (c) List the clinical features of Rickets.

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B.sc Nursing 1st Year Anatomy And Physiology Imp Questions 2024

In this post b.sc nursing 1st year anatomy and physiology important questions are given for 2024. 

These questions have been compiled from anatomy and physiology previous year question papers bsc nursing and question bank. 

The special thing in this set is that an attempt has been made to include all those questions which have been asked in the past and are still being asked again and again. 

There is a strong possibility of questions being asked many times being asked again. 

This does not mean that only these questions will be asked, they can also be twisted and included in the question paper of the upcoming exam. 

Therefore, take these questions seriously and write correct answers. 

Write these questions of Anatomy and Physiology question paper for b.sc nursing 1st year in your notebook. 

Now clear your concepts by reading the concerned chapter 2 to 3 times. 

After that prepare your answers in your own words. 

If you are having trouble understanding any question, consult your professor, refer to the textbook, or try to write the correct answer with the help of an advanced book. 

All these questions are important for the examination. 

The set given here has been created keeping in mind the anatomy and physiology questions for nursing students. 

Their preparation will help them in understanding the pattern of questions and they will get information about the format of the question paper in advance. 

If these questions do not match with the syllabus of your university, then use it as B.Sc Nursing model paper. 

Let us prepare answers to these.

1st Year B.sc Nursing Question Bank

B.sc Nursing 1st Year Anatomy And Physiology Question Paper

B.sc Nursing 1st Year Anatomy Important Questions 

• Name the endocrine glands present in our body and describe in detail the thyroid gland. Add a note on its histology, embryology and its anomalies.
• Classify the nervous system. Describe the gross anatomy of the brain and spinal cord.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Cerebrospinal fluid (b) Gall bladder (c) Structures under the gluteus maximus.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Structure of the heart (b) Immunity (c) Structure of the eye.
• Describe the classification of the joints. Explain the synovial joint with a suitable example with its applied anatomy. 
• Describe in brief the following:- (a) Types of tissues (b) Gross anatomy of the heart (c) Types of joints.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Inguinal canal (b) Blood supply of the heart (c) Decidua.
• Write a short answer on the following:- (a) Name the layers of the Uterus (b) Name any two branches of the Abdominal aorta (c) Mention the major openings of the Diaphragm with its counts (d) Name the content of Cubital fossa (e) Enumerate the contents of Spermatic cord. 
• Enumerate the Endocrine glands with their position. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Muscle of respiration (b) Anatomy of nephron (c) Structure of liver (d) Blood and its components. 
• Describe the location, parts, capsule, relations, blood supply and Histology of the Thyroid gland.
• Write notes on the following:- (a) Bronchopulmonary segments (b) Classification of Synovial joints with examples (c) Functional areas of Cerebrum.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Spinal Cord (b) Uterus (c) Coronary circulation (d) Stomach.
• Write a short answer on the following:- (a) Name the parts of the Extra Hepatic Biliary Apparatus (b) Write the parts of the Fallopian tube and mention the area of Fertilization (c) Name the muscles used for Intramuscular injection (d) Name any two Hormones Secreted by Anterior Pituitary Gland.
• Name the parts of a long bone. 
• Write a short answer on the following:- (a) Secondary cartilaginous joint (b) Stomach bed (c) Bronchopulmonary segments (d) Muscles of mastication.
• Give two examples of a ball and socket joint.
• Describe the shoulder joint under the following headings:- (a) Type and articular surfaces (b) Ligaments (c) Movements and muscles producing movements (d) Applied anatomy.
• Name two glands lined by cuboidal epithelium. 
• Describe the left kidney under the following heads:- (a) Anterior relations (b) Posterior relations (c) Arterial supply (d) Venous drainage (e) Applied anatomy.

B.sc Nursing 1st Year Physiology Important Questions

• Enumerate the factors involved in blood coagulation and describe the two mechanisms of blood coagulation. Add a note on anticoagulants.
• Define respiration. Describe the physiology of respiration with labelled diagrams. 
• Compare and contrast between cortical and juxtaglomerular nephron.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Contraceptive methods (b) Factors affecting glomerular filtration rate (c) Functions of the liver.
• Describe in brief the following:- (a) the Mechanism of hearing (b) the Conduction system of the heart.
• Classify nerve fibres based on conduction velocity and add a note on saltatory conduction.
• Define blood pressure and pulse pressure. What are its normal values? Describe how blood pressure is measured. Add a note on hypertension.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Menstrual cycle (b) Digestion of carbohydrates (c) Formation of urine (d) Pituitary gland and its functions (e) Bone healing. 
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Plasma proteins (b) Functions of the cerebellum (c) Functions of saliva.
• Write notes on the following:- (a) Hearts sounds (b) Transport of Oxygen (c) Functions of Saliva.
• What is the normal RBC count? Describe the stages of Erythropoiesis. What are the factors influencing erythropoiesis?.
• Write short answers on the following:- (a) Define Sarcomere (b) Types of Nephron and its functions (c) Two functions of Cerebellum (d) Name the Plasma proteins (e) Placental hormones.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Spermatogenesis (b) Reflex arc.
• Write notes on the following:- (a) Intrinsic pathway of Coagulation (b) Hypoxia and its types (c) Refractive errors of the Eye.
• What are the Vitamin K-dependent clotting factors?.
• What are the hazards of Blood transfusion?.
• Describe the structure of the Thyroid Gland. Name the Hormones of Thyroid. Describe in detail the functions of Thyroxine. Add a note on Cretinism.
• List any two gastrointestinal hormones.
• Write short answers on the following:- (a) Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary Gland (b) Two functions of the Cerebellum (c) Two functions of the Kidney (d) Functions of Sertoli cells.
• Mention any two functions of bile. 
• Enumerate the properties of Skeletal muscle and describe any one in detail.
• Write a short answer on the following:- (a) Rh incompatibility (b) Puberty (c) Composition and functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (d) Explain the mechanism of muscle contraction. 
• Draw a well-labelled diagram of ECG in the lead!! and give the normal values of all the intervals. 
• Describe the structure, synthesis and functions of Haemoglobin. Add a note on anaemia.
• Describe the functions of the hypothalamus.
• Define Cardiac output. Explain the factors regulating cardiac output.
• Define synapse, classify it and enumerate its properties. 
• Describe the composition and functions of pancreatic juice. 
• Describe the mechanism of synaptic transmission.
• Describe the transport of Oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Draw a neat labelled diagram of the Oxygen-Haemoglobin dissociation curve. 
• What is the physiological basis of the Blood group? Name the various Blood groups.

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B.sc Nursing 1st Year English Important Questions 2024

In this post, b.sc nursing 1st year English important questions are being given for 2024. 

It is not that these same questions will be asked in the upcoming examination, these questions will help you in understanding the pattern of the question paper. 

These questions have been collected from B.Sc Nursing previous year question papers and question banks. 

These questions definitely include those which are repeatedly asked in the examination. 

By solving these questions you can score good marks in the examination. 

This question set is most suitable for your practice and can help you in practicing grammar questions. 

You will find many such b.sc nursing 1st year English question papers or model papers available on the internet. 

By downloading these you can practice as much as possible. 

First of all, write these questions in your notebook, then solve them. 

If you have more difficulty in solving grammar questions then get help from your professor or Rain and Martin English grammar book. 

When you get the question paper in the examination hall, first of all, read the instructions given on the first page. 

In case of any error in B.sc nursing English question paper, contact the invigilator and request to change the question paper. 

Before writing the answers to the questions, read the instructions and use only as many words as are recommended to write the answers. 

Let us solve these questions.

B.sc Nursing Important Questions

B.sc Nursing 1st Year General English Important Questions

• Write an essay on any one of the following in about 200 to 250 words- (a) Smoking in public places has to be banned (b) To be a politician-Art or a born talent (c) pollution in India- Is Delhi safe to breathe?.
• Write an application to the Controller of Examinations of your University to postpone your Examinations, and give reasons.
• Write a letter to your friend and describe your duties as a nurse.
• Give the Antonyms of the following:- (a) Permanent (b) Success (c) Long (d) Ugly (e) Illiterate.
• Write an application to the Medical Superintendent complaining about the lack of facilities in Government Hospitals. 
• Correct the following sentences:- (a) Hard work is always leading to success (b) I am much interested to listen to western music (c) My mother is a lovable person (d) The police has been investigating the matter for some time (e) I am feeling terribly cold in this room.
• Do as directed in brackets:- (a) ________ laughed at the begger (They/Them) (b) Give ________ the document (me/I) (c) She drew the picture _______ (Her/Herself/himself) (d) The ward boy was arrested (Correct into active voice) (e) Rita is ________ than Abdul (Richer/richest) (f) Suffering/is/Sushila/dangue/from/fever (Arrange the jumbled word into a proper and meaningful sentence) (g) Neither may father nor my mother _____ well (is/are) (h) _________ shall complain to the commissioner (We/Us) (i) _______ will go for shopping (Who/Whom) (j) The camel looked at ________ reflection in the pool (Turn Over) (k) Please close the door (Change into passive voice) (l) It was ____ honourable deal (Correct with suitable article) (m) Postman/house/delivered/parcel/the/Susan's/a (Arrange the jumbled word into a proper and meaningful sentence) (n) We started _____ six ___ the morning (at/on/in/about).
• What are the various points that a nurse should keep in mind while writing a nurse's note?.
• Write a report on overweight and obesity. 
• Translate the following into Phonetic symbols:- (a) More (b) Antibody (c) Eggs (d) Desert (e) Produce.
• Write a report about an accident that you have witnessed. 
• Use the following Idioms/Phrases in sentences:- (a) Get through (b) Took to his heels (c) Out of the way (d) Stood his ground (e) Above all.
• How is the Nurse a savior of the life of the soldiers?
• Write an essay in about 300 words on any one of the following:- (a) Environmental Hygiene (b) the Importance of water in our life (c) the Uses and Abuses of Games (d) My idea of a happy world. 
• Answer any ONE of the following essay questions:- (a) Describe the relationship between nature and human life in "The Last Leaf". (b) Describe the humor in the story "The Cop and the Anthem".
• Fill in the blanks with the correct Preposition:- (a) The crowd prevented the police _____ moving ahead (b) Ram does nothing ____ watch T.V. all the time (c) He is fond ___ tea (d) There is an animal _____ the field (e) He jumped ______ the river.
• Explain the role of Clara Barton in the nursing field.
• Substitute One word for each of the following:- (a) Process of damaging the air (b) Inflammation of intestines (c) Who studies and writes about history (d) Of cancerous growth (e) Study of mind and mental process. 
• Explain the outstanding character and uniqueness of Mother Theresa.
• Rewrite the following sentences with suitable words given in the brackets:- (a) I selected the suit _______ wear to the interview (to/too) (b) We had _________ to time to complete the revision (a lot/allot) (c) I had to make up for _______ time (lost/last) (d) He ______ the test (past/passed) (e) The stress on this project will ________ my health (affect/effect).
• Correct these spellings:- (a) Dyarea (b) Dabictie.
• What do people do on Thanksgiving day?
• Use the following sentences of your own:- (a) In order to (b) In spite of (c) On account of.
• Write an essay in about 300 words on the topic:- "Nursing -A great profession".
• Write a letter to the Apollo Hospital Nursing Superintendent asking for a Job.
• Write a letter to the district educational officer requesting him to preside over the inauguration of your college library.
• Write a paragraph on the following:- (a) the Role of Nurses in taking care of Covid Patients (b) Vaccination and Covid.
• Do as directed:- (a) My friend has been living in Canada ____ two years (use a preposition) (b) Someone is repairing that fence (into active voice) (c) 'I love you,' he told me (into indirect) (d) He never goes out with his dog __________? (Question tag).
• Write a paragraph on the following:- (a) Health and regular exercise (b) Global warming.
• Write essays on:- (a) Clinical experience (b) Nursing rounds.
• Correct the following sentences:- (a) I am living here for three years (b) I suggest you to meet his father (c) I did not hear from you for a month (d) Please give me some information (e) This scooter is belonging to me.
• Do as directed:- (a) Rita gets the highest marks in the class (change the degree) (b) Who told you this? (Change the voice) (c) Give plurals of: news, fish, leaf, baby (d) Our teacher told us, "February is the shortest month of the year" (Change into indirect speech) (e) Give the opposite of: optimistic, ugly, honest (f) Asia is the biggest continent (Change into negative) (g) This is my own house (Make the sentence interrogative) (h) I ____ (work) in this office since six years (use correct tense).
• Rewrite as directed:- (a) The woodcutter has cut the tree (change the voice) (b) My dad could not visit me. He connected me on telephone (make it a compound sentence) (c) Chinni drinks coffee (make it a negative sentence) (d) The class teacher finished the revision (add a question tag) (e) Joe told that he had met his brother (change into direct speech).
• Write the antonyms of the following:- (a) Preserve (b) Divide.

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B.sc 6th Semester Agriculture Syllabus 2023-24

In this post, b.sc 6th semester agriculture syllabus is being given for 2023-24. 

This syllabus is basically being given to benefit those students who have passed the 5th sem and have been admitted in the 6th sem. 

Sometimes there is a delay in releasing the syllabus to the university in the new semester and new students are not aware of the topics taught that year. 

New students want to make good use of their time, so they look for syllabi. 

At that time the syllabus given here will act as a guide for them. 

They will get accurate information about which topics are covered in B.Sc Agriculture syllabus semester wise and what they have to study. 

If your university has released the new syllabus for the sixth semester, then please use it for your studies. 

The syllabus given here has been prepared based on the agriculture syllabus BSC released earlier. 

An effort has been made here to cover all the topics and present them to you systematically. 

So that it helps you to understand them. 

A practical syllabus has also been included here. 

B.sc agriculture syllabus can also be converted into pdf and can be availed offline. 

For this, you can copy the syllabus from here and convert it into a PDF with the help of Google Docs. 

From the details given below, you will get to know "What is the syllabus of BSC Agriculture?." 

Let us start our studies and collect advanced knowledge.

B.sc Agriculture 6th Sem Syllabus

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Of Farming System Fanning And Sustainable Agriculture

(Farming System, Precision Fanning And Sustainable Agriculture)

Theory 

• Farming System-scope, importance, and concept, Types and systems of farming system and factors affecting types of farming, Farming system components and their maintenance, Cropping system and pattern, multiple cropping system, Efficient cropping system and their evaluation, Sustainable agriculture-problems and its impact on agriculture, conservation agriculture strategies, HEIA, LELA and LE1SA and its techniques for sustainability, Integrated farming system components of IFS and its advantages, farming system and environment.

Practical

• Tools for determining productions & efficiencies in cropping and farming systems. Indicators of sustainability of cropping and fanning systems. Site-specific development of IFS models for different agro-climatic zones. Visit of IFS models in different agro-climatic zones of nearby state Universities/Institutes and farmerfields.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus On Crop Improvement 2 Rabi Crops

Theory 

• Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different crops: cereal (Wheat); pulses (Chickpea, Pea); oilseeds (Rapeseed and Mustard, Sunflower); cash crop (Sugarcane); vegetable crop (Potato, Tomato); Major breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches for the development of hybrids and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance and quality (physical, chemical, nutritional); Hybrid seed production technology of rabi crops.

Practical 

• Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species namely Wheat, Chickpea, pea, Rapeseed Mustard, Sunflower, and Tomato; Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Rabi crops; Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments; Study of quality characters, the study of donor parents for different characters; Visit to seed production plots; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus On Manure Fertilizer And Soil Fertility Management

Theory 

• Introduction and importance of organic manures, properties and methods of preparation of bulky and concentrated manures. Green/leaf manuring. Fertilizer recommendation approaches. Integrated nutrient management. Chemical fertilizers: classification, composition and properties of major nitrogenous, phosphatic, potassic fertilizers, secondary & micronutrient fertilizers, Complex fertilizers, nano fertilizers Soil amendments, Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order. History of soil fertility and plant nutrition, criteria of essentiality, role, deficiency and toxicity symptoms of essential plant nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors affecting nutrient availability to plants. Chemistry of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients. Soil fertility evaluation and soil testing. Critical levels of different nutrients in the soil. Forms of nutrients in soil, plant analysis, rapid plant tissue tests. Indicator plants. Methods of fertilizer recommendations to crops. Factor influencing nutrient use efficiency (NUE), application methods under rainfed and irrigated conditions.

Practical 

• Estimation of soil organic carbon, Estimation of available N available P, K; available S available Ca and Mg and Zn in soils. Estimation of N, P & K in plants, manures and fertilizers. Elementary idea of determination micronutrients.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus On Farm Management, Production And Resource Economics

Theory 

• Meaning and concept of farm management, objectives and relationship with other sciences. Meaning and definition of farms, their types and characteristics, factors determining types and size of farms. Principles of farm management: the concept of production function and its type, use of production function in decision-making on a farm, factor-product, factor-factor and product-product relationship, law of equi-marginal/or principles of opportunity cost and law of comparative advantage. Meaning and concept of cost, types of costs and their interrelationship, the importance of cost in managing farm business and estimation of gross farm income, net farm income, family labor income and farm business income. Farm business analysis: meaning and concept of farm income and profitability, technical and economic efficiency measures in crop and livestock enterprises. Importance of farm records and accounts in managing a farm, various types of farm records needed to maintain the farm, farm inventory, balance sheet, profit and loss accounts. Meaning and importance of farm planning and budgeting, partial and complete budgeting, steps in farm planning and budgeting-linear programming, appraisal of farm resources, selection of crops and livestock enterprises. Concept of risk and uncertainty occurs in agriculture production, nature and sources of risks and their management strategies, Crop/livestock/machinery insurance - weather-based crop insurance, features, determinants of compensation. Concepts of resource economics, differences between NRE and agricultural economics, and unique properties of natural resources. Positive and negative externalities in agriculture, Inefficiency and welfare loss, solutions, Important issues in economics and management of common property resources of land, water, pasture and forest resources, etc.

Practical 

• Preparation of farm layout. Determination of cost of fencing of a farm. Computation of depreciation cost of farm assets. Application of equi-marginal returns/opportunity cost principle in allocation of farm resources. Determination of the most profitable level of inputs used in a farm production process. Determination of least cost combination of inputs. Selection of the most profitable enterprise combination. Application of cost principles including CACP concepts in the estimation of cost of crop and livestock enterprises. Preparation of farm plan and budget, farm records and accounts and profit & loss accounts. Collection and analysis of data on various resources in India.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Diseases Of Field And Horticultural Crops And Their Management-ii

Theory 

• Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of major diseases of following crops: Field Crops: Wheat: Rusts, loose smut, karnal bunt, powdery mildew, Alternaria blight and ear cockle; Sugarcane: red rot, smut, wilt and grassy shoot. Sunflower: Sclerotinia stem rot and Alternaria blight; Mustard: Alternaria blight, white rust, downy mildew; Gram: wilt and Ascochyta blight; Lentil: Rust and wilt; Cotton: Vascular wilt and black arm; Pea: Downy mildew, powdery mildew and rust.
• Horticultural Crops: Mango: Anthracnose, malformation, powdery mildew; Citrus: canker and gummosis; Grapevine: Downy mildew powdery mildew; Apple: scab and Fire blight; Peach: leaf curl; Cucurbits: downy mildew, powdery mildew and wilt; Onion and garlic: purple blotch and stem phylium blight; Chilli: anthracnose and leaf curl; Turmeric: leaf spot; Coriander; stem gall; Marigold: Botrytis blight; Rose: dieback, powdery mildew; Potato: Early and late blight, Common scab, powdery scab, black scurf and potato mosaic.

Practical 

• Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered in theory. Field visits for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation of plant-diseased specimens for herbarium Note: Students should submit 10 pressed and well-mounted specimens.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Post Harvest Management And Value Addition

Theory 

• Importance of fruits and vegetables, extent and possible causes of post-harvest losses; Pre-harvest factors affecting postharvest quality, maturity, ripening and changes occurring during ripening; Respiration and factors affecting respiration rate; role of ethylene; post-harvest disease and disorders; heat, chilling and freezing injury; harvesting and field handling; Storage (ZECC, cold storage, CA, MA, and hypobaric); Value addition concept; Principles and methods of preservation; Intermediate moisture food- Jam, jelly, marmalade, preserve, candy - Concepts and Standards; Fermented and non-fermented beverages. Tomato products- Concepts and Standards; Drying/ Dehydration of fruits and vegetables - Concept and methods, osmotic drying. Canning - Concepts and Standards, packaging of products.

Practical 

• Applications of different types of packaging, and containers for shelf life extension. Effect of temperature on shelf life and quality of produce. Demonstration of chilling and freezing injury in vegetables and fruits. Extraction and preservation of pulps and juices. Preparation of jam, jelly, RTS, nectar, squash, osmotically dried products, fruit bars and candy and tomato products, and canned products. Quality evaluation of products — physicochemical and sensory. Visit to processing unit/ industry.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Watershed And Waste Management

(Watershed And Wasteland Management)

Theory 

• Watershed management - Concept need, principles & components of watershed management integrated watershed management. Factors affecting watershed management runoff & soil loss management in a watershed socio-economic concept of watershed. People’s participation in watershed management. Policy approaches & management plan, problems of watershed management. Wasteland management - Definition, concept & types of degraded & wasteland. Distribution & extent of watershed in India & Uttar Pradesh, factors responsible for land degradation, characteristics of different types of degradation & wasteland. Problems of degraded land in Uttar Pradesh. Appropriate techniques for management of different types of degraded & wasteland.

Practical 

• Characterization and delineation of model watershed. Field demonstration on soil & moisture conservation measures. Field demonstration on construction of water harvesting structures. Visit to rainfed research station/watershed.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Beneficial Insects And Pest Management

(Beneficial Insects and Pests of Horticultural Crops and Their Management)

Theory 

• General account of nature and type of damage by different arthropod pests. The scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology and bionomics, nature of the damage, and management of major pests and scientific names, order, family, host range, distribution, nature of damage and control practices for other important arthropod pests of various vegetable crops, fruit crops, plantation crops, ornamental crops and major pests of narcotics, spices and condiments. Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology of silkworm. Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties, methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Rearing of mulberry silkworm, rearing appliances, mounting and harvesting of cocoons. Pests and diseases of silkworm, management, and methods of disinfection. Importance of beneficial insects, beekeeping, pollinating plants and their cycle, bee biology, commercial methods of rearing, equipment used and seasonal management. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Insect pests and diseases of honey bees. Species of lac insect, morphology, biology, host plant and lac production - Processing of lac-seed lac, button lac, shellac and lac- products. Identification of major parasitoids and predators commonly used in biological control.

Practical 

• Identification of different types of damage. Identification and study of the life cycle and seasonal history of various insect pests attacking horticultural crops - vegetable crops, fruit crops, plantation gardens, narcotics, spices & condiments. Visit to orchards and gardens. 
• Mulberry cultivation, mulberry varieties and methods of harvesting and preservation of leaves. Types of silkworm, voltinism and biology and rearing of silkworm and equipment. Honey bee species and castes of bees. Beekeeping appliances and seasonal management. Bee enemies and diseases. Bee pasturage, bee foraging and communication. Species of lac insect, host plant identification. Identification of other important pollinators, weed killers and scavengers. Visit research and training institutions devoted to sericulture, beekeeping, lac culture and natural enemies.

Elective Courses

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Protected Cultivation

Theory 

• Protected cultivation- importance and scope, Status of protected cultivation in India and World types of protected structure based on site and climate. Cladding material involved in greenhouse/ poly house. Greenhouse design, environment control, artificial lights, Automation. Soil preparation and management, Substrate management. Types of benches and containers. Irrigation and fertigation management. Propagation and production of quality planting material for horticultural crops. Greenhouse cultivation of important horticultural crops - rose, carnation, chrysanthemum, gerbera, orchid, anthurium, Lilium, tulip, tomato, bell pepper, cucumber, strawberry, pot plants, etc. Cultivation of economically important medicinal and aromatic plants. Off-season production of flowers and vegetables. Insect pest and disease management.

Practical 

• Raising of seedlings and saplings under protected conditions, use of protrays in quality planting material production, Bed preparation and planting of crop for production, Intercultural operations, Soil EC and pH measurement, Regulation of irrigation and fertilizers through drip, fogging ad misting.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Hi-tech Horticulture Syllabus

Theory 

• Introduction & importance; Nursery management and mechanization; micropropagation of horticultural crops; Modern field preparation and planting methods, Protected cultivation: advantages, controlled conditions, method and techniques, Micro irrigation systems and its components; EC, pH based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management, high-density orcharding, • Components of precision fanning: Remote sensing, Geographical Information System (GIS), Differential Geo-positioning System (DGPS), Variable Rate applicator (VRA), application of precision farming in horticultural crops (fruits, vegetables and ornamental crops); mechanized harvesting of produce.

Practical 

• Types of playhouses and shade net houses, Intercultural operations, tools and equipment identification and 2application, Micropropagation, Nursery-portrays, micro-irrigation, EC, pH-based fertilizer scheduling, canopy management, visit to hi-tech orchard/nursery.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Of Weed Management

Theory 

• Introduction to weeds, characteristics of weeds their harmful and beneficial effects on the ecosystem. Classification, reproduction and dissemination of weeds. Herbicide classification, the concept of adjuvant, surfactant, herbicide formulation and their use. Introduction to the mode of action of herbicides and selectivity. Allelopathy and its application for weed management. Bio-herbicides and their application in agriculture. Concept of herbicide mixture and utility in agriculture. Herbicide compatibility with agrochemicals and their application. Integration of herbicides with non-chemical methods of weed management. Herbicide Resistance and its management.

Practical 

• Techniques of Weed Preservation. Weed identification and their losses study. Biology of important weeds. Study of herbicide formulations and the mixture of herbicides. Herbicide and agro-chemicals study. Shift of weed flora study in long-term experiments. Study of methods of herbicide application, and spraying equipment. Calculations of herbicide doses and weed control efficiency and weed index.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Simulation And Agro-Advisory Syllabus

Theory 

• System Approach for representing soil-plant-atmospheric continuum, system boundaries, Crop models, concepts & techniques, types of crop models, data requirements, and relational diagrams. 
• Evaluation of crop responses to weather elements; Elementary crop growth models; calibration, validation, verification and sensitivity analysis. Potential and achievable crop production- concept and modeling techniques for their estimation. Crop production in moisture and nutrients limited conditions; components of soil water and nutrients balance. Weather forecasting, types, methods, tools & techniques, forecast verification; Value added weather forecast, ITK for weather forecast and its validity; Crop-Weather Calendars; Preparation of agro-advisory bulletin based on the weather forecast. Use of crop simulation model for the preparation of Agro-advisory and its effective dissemination.

Practical 

• Preparation of crop weather calendars. Preparation of agro-advisories based on weather forecasts using various approaches and synoptic charts. Working with statistical and simulation models for crop growth. Potential & achievable production; yield forecasting, insect & disease forecasting models. Simulation with. limitations of water and nutrient management options. Sensitivity analysis of varying weather and crop management practices. Use of statistical approaches in data analysis and preparation of historical, past and present meteorological data for medium-range weather forecast. Feedback from farmers about the agro advisory.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Journalism Syllabus For Agriculture

Theory 

• Agricultural Journalism: The nature and scope of agricultural journalism characteristics and training of the agricultural journalist, how agricultural journalism is similar to and different from other types of journalism. Newspapers and magazines as communication media: Characteristics; kinds and functions of newspapers and magazines, characteristics of newspaper and magazine readers. Form and content of newspapers and magazines: Style and language of newspapers and magazines, parts of newspapers and magazines. The agricultural story: Types of agricultural stories, the subject matter of the agricultural story, the structure of the agricultural story. Gathering agricultural information: Sources of agricultural information, interviews, coverage of events, abstracting from research and scientific materials, wire services, other agricultural news sources. Writing the story: Organizing the material, treatment of the story, writing the news lead and the body, and readability measures. Illustrating agricultural stories: Use of photographs, use of artwork (graphs, charts, maps, etc.), writing the captions. Editorial mechanics: Copy reading, headline and title writing, proofreading, and lay-outing.

Practical 

• Practice in interviewing. Covering agricultural events. Abstracting stories from research and scientific materials and from wire services. Writing different types of agricultural stories. Selecting pictures and artwork for the agricultural story. Practice in editing, copyreading, headline and title writing, proofreading, and lay-outing. Testing copy with a readability formula. Visit a publishing office.

B.sc Ag 6th Sem Syllabus Composition Cum Duck Quail And Rabbit Culture

• Fishery: Definition, common characteristics and position of fish in Animal Kingdom, fishery statistics preparation and management of fish pond, physical and chemical condition of water for fishery, feeds and feeding of fishes, breeding of fish, diseases and enemies of fishes, use of Duck/quality beats on fish feeds. Duckry: Definition, common features and advantages, breeds, incubation and hatching feeding of ducks, care and management of ducking, grower, layer/broiler ducks. Characteristics of duck eggs, common diseases and vaccination schedule, ducky statistics.
• Quail: Definition, common features of quail farming, advantages, breeds, incubation and hatching, feeding of quails, care and management of quail chick, grower/layer/broilers. Quail product technology, common diseases and vaccination schedule.
• Rabbitry: Introduction, scope and advantages of rabbit farming, breeds, breeding, housing, care and management of young and adult rabbits, feeds and feeding for rabbits, common problems of rabbitry including vaccination schedules, fur and meat production technology.

Practical 

• Fishery units, visit, Demonstration and report formulation.
• Different types of fish, deep water, middle water, and surface water.
• Evaluation of Duck Egg (candling) and Grading.
• Vaccination schedule for duck and Quail.
• Preparation Ration for Duck, Quail, Rabbit and Fish.
• Preparation of different products from eggs.

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B.sc Ag 5th Semester Agriculture Syllabus 2023-24

In this post, b.sc ag 5th semester agriculture syllabus is given for 2023-24. 

The purpose of this syllabus is to guide those students who have just taken admission in the fifth semester. 

Due to the unavailability of a syllabus and correct information about the topics, they have to pause their studies for a while. 

This is a waste of their time. 

Therefore this syllabus is being presented as a common syllabus. 

So that till the new BSc ag 5th sem syllabus comes, they can know which topics they have to cover in this semester and what to read for advance preparation for the exam. 

So, you can get the information about the agriculture syllabus in detail here. 

If the new syllabus has been issued by your university, then follow it and prepare your notes based on the topics given in it. 

Here the main objective of giving B.Sc Agriculture syllabus semester wise is to provide you convenience. 

Some topics may be different in the syllabus of all universities and they may also mismatch with the syllabus given here. 

But generally, these topics are taught in the fifth semester. 

The syllabus given here has been prepared based on the syllabus issued by a university and efforts have been made to ensure that no topic is left out. 

Topics of elective courses have also been included in this syllabus, which will prove beneficial for many students. 

Here the syllabus has been prepared by combining both theory and practical, so that you can clear all the doubts in one place. 

Let's use this syllabus.

B.sc Agriculture 5th Semester Syllabus

B.sc Ag Fifth Sem Syllabus Of Rainfed And Dryland Agriculture

Theory 

• Rainfed and dryland agriculture - Introduction, types and history. Problems & prospects of rainfed agriculture in India. Soil and climatic conditions are prevalent in rainfed areas. Drought: types, effect of water deficit on physio - morphological characteristics of the plants. Mechanism of crop adoption under moisture deficit conditions. Efficient water utilization through soil and crop management practices, and management of crops in rainfed areas. Contingent crop planning for aberrant weather conditions. Precision agriculture; concepts and techniques; their issues and concerns for Indian agriculture.

Practical 

• Studies on climatic classifications and rainfall patterns are the country's rainfed areas. Studies on cropping patterns of different dryland areas in the country and demarcation of dryland areas on the map of India. Interpretation of metrological data and scheduling of supplemental irrigations based on evapotranspiration demand of crops effective rainfall and its calculations. Visit rainfed research stations/watersheds.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Crop Improvement 1 Kharif Crops Syllabus

Theory 

• Centers of origin, distribution of species, wild relatives in different cereals (Rice, Maize, Sorghum and Pearl millet); pulses (Pigeonpea, Urdbean and Mungbean); oilseeds (Groundnut); fiber (Cotton). Important concepts of breeding self-pollinated and cross-pollinated. Major breeding objectives and procedures including conventional and modern innovative approaches for the development of hybrids and varieties for yield, adaptability, stability, abiotic and biotic stress and quality (physical, chemical, nutritional); Hybrid seed production technology in Maize, Rice, Sorghum, Pearl millet and pigeonpea.

Practical 

• Floral biology, emasculation and hybridization techniques in different crop species; viz., Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Pigeonpea, Urdbean, Mungbean, Groundnut, and Cotton crops. Maintenance breeding of different Kharif crops. Handling of germplasm and segregating populations by different methods like pedigree, bulk and single seed decent methods; Study of field techniques for seed production and hybrid seeds production in Kharif crops; Estimation of heterosis, inbreeding depression and heritability; Layout of field experiments; Study of quality characters, donor parents for different characters; Visit to seed production plots; Visit to AICRP plots of different field crops.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus Pests Of Field Crops Stored Grains And Their Management

Theory 

• General account of nature and type of damage by following insect pests arthropods pests. The scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology and bionomics, nature of the damage, and management of major pests and scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, nature of damage and control practice other important arthropod pests (mites) of various field crops. Factors affecting losses of stored grain and role of physical, biological, mechanical and chemical factors in deterioration of grain. Insect pests, mites, rodents, birds and microorganisms associated with stored grain and their management. Storage structure and methods of grain storage and fundamental principles of grain store management.
• Paddy: Leptocorisa varicronis, Hieroglyphus Spp., Nilaparvata lugens, Nephotetix, spp., Mythimna separate. 
• Jowar Maize: Chilo partellus, Atherigona variasoccata, Scirpophaga excerpatalis, Chilo infuscatelles 
• Sugarcane: Top borer, Pyrilla, Early Shoot borer and white fly. 
• Cotton: Pectinophora gossypiella, Earias Spp., Sylepta derogata, Dysdercus Spp., Bemisia tabaci, Amrasca bigutulla. 
• Oilseeds: Lipaphis erysimi, Athalia proxima Bagrada Cruciferarun, Dasyneura lini. 
• Pulses: Helicoverpa armigera Agrotis Spp., Etiella zinckenella 
• Pests of Stored Grains: Sitophilus oryzae, Trogoderma granarium, Sitotroga cerealella, Callosobruchus chinensis. 
• Polyphagous pests: Odontotermes obesus, Holotrichia consanguinea, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera litura, Amsacta Spp.

Practical 

• Identification of different types of damage. Identification and study of the life cycle and seasonal history of various insect pests attacking field crops and their produce. Identification of insect pests and Mites associated with stored grain. Determination of insect infestation by different methods. Assessment of losses due to insects. Calculations on the doses of insecticides application technique. Fumigation of grain store/godown. Identification of rodents and rodent control operations in godowns. Identification of birds and bird control operations in godowns. Determination of moisture content of grain. Methods of grain sampling under storage conditions. Visit Indian Storage Management and Research Institute, Hapur and Quality Laboratory, Department of Food., Delhi. Visit to nearest FCI godowns.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus Ag Marketing Trade And Prices

Theory 

• Agricultural Marketing: Concepts and definitions of market, marketing, agricultural marketing, market structure, marketing mix and market segmentation, classification and characteristics of agricultural markets; demand, supply and producer's surplus of agricommodities: nature and determinants of demand and supply of farm products, producer's surplus - meaning and its types, marketable and marketed surplus, factors affecting marketable surplus of agri- commodities; cost based and competition based pricing; market promotion - advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity - their meaning and merits & demerits; marketing process and functions: Marketing process-concentration, dispersion and equalization; exchange functions - buying and selling; physical functions - storage, transport and processing; facilitating functions - packaging, branding, grading, quality control and labeling (Agmark); Market functionaries and marketing channels: Types and importance of agencies involved in agricultural marketing; meaning and definition of marketing channel; number of channel levels; marketing channels for different farm products; Integration, efficiency, costs and price spread: Meaning, definition and types of market integration; marketing efficiency; marketing costs, margins and price spread; factors affecting cost of marketing; reasons for higher marketing costs of farm commodities; ways of reducing marketing costs; Role of Govt, in agricultural marketing: Public sector institutions- CWC, SWC, FCI, CACP & DMI - their objectives and functions; cooperative marketing in India; Risk in marketing: Types of risk in marketing; speculation & hedging; an overview of futures trading; Agricultural prices and policy: Meaning and functions of price; administered prices; need for agricultural price policy; Trade: Concept of International Trade and its need, theories of absolute and comparative advantage. Present status and prospects of international trade in agri-commodities; GATT and WTO; Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) and its implications on Indian agriculture; IPR GST.

Practical 

• Plotting and study of demand and supply curves and calculation of elasticities; Study of relationship between market arrivals and prices of some selected commodities; Computation of marketable and marketed surplus of important commodities; Study of price behavior over time for some selected commodities; Construction of index numbers; Visit to a local market to study various marketing functions performed by different agencies, identification of marketing channels for selected commodity, collection of data regarding marketing costs, margins and price spread and presentation of the report in the class; Visit to market institutions - NAFED, SWC, - CWC, cooperative marketing society, etc. to study their organization and functioning; Application of principles of comparative advantage of international trade.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus Protected Cultivation And Secondary Agriculture

Theory 

• Greenhouse technology: Introduction, Types of Green-Houses; Plant response to Greenhouse environment, Planning and design of greenhouses, Design criteria of greenhouse for cooling and heating purposes. Green-house equipment, and materials of construction for traditional and low-cost greenhouses. Irrigation systems used in greenhouses, typical applications, passive solar greenhouses, hot air greenhouse heating systems, and greenhouse drying. Important Engineering properties such as physical, thermal and aero & hydrodynamic properties of cereals, pulses and oilseed, and their application in PHT equipment design and operation. Drying and dehydration; moisture measurement, EMC, drying theory, various drying methods, commercial grain dryer (deep bed dryer, flatbed dryer, tray dryer, fluidized bed dryer, recirculatory dryer and solar dryer). Material handling equipment; conveyors and elevators, their principle, working and selection.

Practical 

• Study of different types of greenhouses based on shape. Determine the rate of air exchange in an active summer-winter cooling system. Determination of the drying rate of agricultural products inside the greenhouse. Study of greenhouse equipment. Visit various Post Harvest Laboratories. Determination of Moisture content of various grains by oven drying & infrared moisture methods. Determination of engineering properties (shape and size, bulk density and porosity of biomaterials). Determination of Moisture content of various grains by moisture meter. Field visit to the seed processing plant.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus Of Diseases Of Field And Horticultural Crops & their Management–I

Theory 

• Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of major diseases of the following crops: Field Crops: Rice: Blast, Brown spot, Bacterial Blight, Sheath blight, false smut, Khaira and tungro; Maize: stalk rots, downy mildew; Sorghum: smuts; Bajra: downy mildew and ergot; Groundnut: early and leaf spots; Pigeonpea: Phytophthora blight, wilt and sterility mosaic; Green gram: Cercospora leaf spot, web blight and yellow mosaic; Tobacco: Mosaic. Horticultural Crops: Guava: wilt and anthracnose; Banana: Panama wilt, Sigatoka and bunchy top; Papaya: foot rot and leaf curl. Cruciferous vegetable: Alternaria leaf spot and black rot; Brinjal: phomopsis blight, sclerotinia and little leaf; Tomato: early and late blight, leaf curl and mosaic; Okra: Yellow Vein Mosaic; Beans: Anthracnose and bacterial blight; ginger: soft rot; Colocasia: Phytophthora blight. 

Practical 

• Identification and histopathological studies of selected diseases of field and horticultural crops covered in theory. Field visits for the diagnosis of field problems. Collection and preservation of plant-diseased specimens for herbarium Note: Students should submit 10 pressed and well-mounted specimens.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus On Fruit And Plantation

(Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops)

Theory 

• Importance and scope of fruit and plantation crop industry in India; High-density planting; Use of rootstocks; Production technologies for the cultivation of major fruits mango, banana, citrus, grape, guava, Litchi, papaya, apple, pear, peach and; minor fruits-pineapple, pomegranate, jackfruit, strawberry, nut crops; plantation crops-coconut, areca nut, cashew, tea, coffee & rubber.

Practical 

• Seed propagation. Scarification and stratification of seeds. Propagation methods for fruit and plantation crops. Including micro-propagation. Description and identification of fruit. Preparation of plant bioregulators and their uses, pests, diseases and physiological disorders of the above fruit and plantation crops, Visit commercial orchards.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus On Communication Skills And Personality Development

Theory 

• Communication: meaning and definition; Principles and process of communication, models and barriers to communication; Verbal and nonverbal communication. Communication Skills: Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, precise writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations, impromptu presentation, public speaking; and Group discussion. Organizing seminars and conferences. Diffusion and adoption of innovation: concept and meaning, process and stages of adoption, adopter categories.

Practical 

• Listening and note taking, writing skills, oral presentation skills; field diary and lab record; indexing, footnote and bibliographic procedures. Reading and comprehension of general and technical articles, precise writing, summarizing, abstracting; individual and group presentations.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus Of Intellectual Property Rights

Theory 

• Introduction and meaning of intellectual property, brief introduction to GATT, WTO, TRIPs and WIPO, Treaties for IPR protection; Types of Intellectual Property and legislations covering IPR in India: - Patents, Copyrights, Trademark, Industrial design, Geographical indications, Integrated circuits, Trade secrets. Patents Act 1970 and Patent system in India, patentability, process and product patent, filing of patent, patent specification, patent claims, Patent opposition and revocation, infringement, Compulsory licensing, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Patent search and patent database. Origin and history including a brief introduction to UPOV for protection of plant varieties, Protection of plant varieties under UPOV and PPV&FR Act of India, Plant breeder's rights, Registration of plant varieties under PPV&FR Act 2001, breeders, researcher and farmers rights. International treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (ITPGRFA).

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus Principles Of Food Science And Nutrition

UNIT 1. 

• General: Definition of food and food science, Composition of food, Foods of animal origin, Digestive system of Ruminants. 

UNIT 2. 

• Definition, Chemistry and Function of Carbohydrate, Fat, Proteins and Water. 

UNIT 3. 

• Requirement, Availability, Functions and Nutritional deficiency disease of minerals and vitamins. Flavors and colors used in food. 

UNIT 4. 

• Food microbiology with special reference to milk, Physico Chemical properties of milk. 

UNIT 5. 

• Composition and processing of egg, meat and chicken, feed additives, antibiotics, enzymes and hormones.

Practical 

• Sampling of milk, Specific gravity of milk by lactometer, Water quality test, Study of Nutritional deficient conditions, Study of Nutritional disorders, Quality parameters for egg, meat and chicken, Fat test by Gerbers method, T.S. & S.N.F. percentage by Richmond's scale and formula.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus On Geo Informatics And Nanotech

Theory 

• Geo-informatics- definition, concepts, tools and techniques; their use in Precision Agriculture. Crop discrimination and Yield monitoring, soil mapping; fertilizer recommendation using geospatial technologies; Spatial data and their management in GIS; Remote sensing concepts and application in agriculture; Image processing and interpretation; Global positioning system (GPS), components and its functions; Nanotechnology, definition, concepts and techniques, brief introduction about nanoscale effects, nano-particles, nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, nano- sensors, Use of nanotechnology in seed, water, fertilizer, plant protection for scaling-up farm productivity.

Practical 

• Introduction to GIS software, Introduction to image processing software. Visual interpretation of remote sensing images. Generation of spectral profiles of different objects. Supervised and unsupervised classification and acreage estimation, Multispectral remote sensing for soil mapping. Creation of thematic layers of soil fertility based on GIS. Creation of productivity and management zones. Fertilizer recommendations based on VRT and STCR techniques. Crop stress (biotic/abiotic) monitoring using geospatial technology. Use of GPS for agricultural survey. Formulation, characterization and applications of nanoparticles in agriculture. Projects formulation and execution related to precision farming.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus On Agribusiness Management

Theory 

• Transformation of agriculture into agribusiness, various stakeholders and components of agribusiness systems. Importance of agribusiness in the Indian economy and New Agricultural Policy. Distinctive features of Agribusiness Management: Importance and needs of agro-based industries, Classification of industries and types of agro-based industries. The institutional arrangement, and procedures to set up agro-based industries. Constraints in establishing agro-based industries. Agri-value chain: Understanding primary and support activities and their linkages. Business environment: PEST & SWOT analysis. Management functions Roles & activities, Organization culture. Planning, meaning, definition, types of plans. Purpose or mission, goals or objectives, Strategies, policies procedures, rules, programs and budget. Components of a business plan, Steps in planning and implementation. Organization staffing, directing and motivation. Ordering, leading, supervision, communications, control. Capital Management and Financial Management of Agribusiness. Financial statements and their importance. Marketing Management: Segmentation, targeting & positioning. Marketing mix and marketing strategies. Consumer behavior analysis, Product Life Cycle (PLC). Sales & Distribution Management. Pricing policy, various pricing methods. Project Management definition, project cycle, identification, formulation, appraisal, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Project Appraisal and evaluation techniques.

Practical 

• Study of agri-input markets: Seed, fertilizers, pesticides. Study of output markets: grains, fruits, vegetables, flowers. Study of product markets, retail trade commodity trading, and value-added products. Study of financing institutions- Cooperative, Commercial banks, RRBs, Agribusiness Finance Limited, NABARD. Preparations of projects and Feasibility reports for agribusiness entrepreneurs. Appraisal/evaluation techniques of identifying viable project- Non-discounting techniques. Case study of agro-based industries. Trend and growth rate of prices of agricultural commodities. Net present worth technique for selection of viable project. Internal rate of return.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus On Agro Chemicals

Theory 

• An introduction to agrochemicals, their type and role in agriculture, effect on environment, soil, human and animal health, merits and demerits of their uses in agriculture, and management of agrochemicals for sustainable agriculture. Herbicides-Major classes, properties and important herbicides. Fate of herbicides. Fungicides - Classification - Inorganic fungicides - characteristics, preparation and use of sulfur and copper, Mode of action- Bordeaux mixture and copper oxychloride. Organic fungicides- Mode of action- Dithiocarbamates characteristics, preparation and use of Zineb and maneb. Systemic fungicides- Benomyl, carboxin, oxycarboxin, Metalaxyl, Carbendazim, characteristics and use. Introduction and classification of insecticides: inorganic and organic insecticides Organochlorine, Organophosphates, Carbamates, Synthetic pyrethroids Neonicotinoids, Biorationals, Insecticide Act and rules, Insecticides banned, withdrawn and restricted use, Fate of insecticides in soil & plant. IGRs Biopesticides, Reduced risk insecticides, Botanicals, plant and animal systemic insecticides their characteristics and uses. Fertilizers and their importance. Nitrogenous fertilizers: Feedstocks and Manufacturing of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and urea. Slow-release N fertilizers. Phosphatic fertilizers: feedstock and manufacturing of single superphosphate. Preparation of bone meal and basic slag. Potassic fertilizers: Natural sources of potash, manufacturing of potassium chloride, potassium sulphate and potassium nitrate. Mixed and complex fertilizers: Sources and compatibility-preparation of major, secondary and micronutrient mixtures. Complex fertilizers: Manufacturing of ammonium phosphates, nitro-phosphates and NPK complexes. Fertilizer control order. Fertilizer logistics and marketing. Plant bio-pesticides for ecological agriculture, Bio-insect repellent.

Practical 

• Sampling of fertilizers and pesticides. Pesticides application technology to study various pesticide appliances. Quick tests for identification of common fertilizers. Identification of anion and cation in fertilizer. Calculation of doses of insecticides to be used. To study and identify various formulations of insecticide available kin market Estimation of nitrogen in Urea. Estimation of water-soluble P2O5 and citrate soluble P2O5 in single super phosphate. Estimation of potassium in-Muraite of Potash/ Sulphate of Potash by flame photometer. Determination of copper content in copper oxychloride. Determination of sulfur content in sulphur fungicide. Determination of thiram. Determination of ziram content.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus On Plant Breeding

(Commercial Plant Breeding Questions)

Theory 

• Types of crops and modes of plant reproduction. Line development and maintenance breeding in self and cross-pollinated crops (A/B/R and two-line system) for development of hybrids and seed production. Genetic purity test of commercial hybrids. Advances in hybrid seed production of maize, rice, sorghum, pearl millet, castor, sunflower, cotton pigeon pea, Brassica, etc. Quality seed production of vegetable crops in an open and protected environment. Alternative strategies for the development of the line and cultivars: haploid inducer, tissue culture techniques and biotechnological tools. IPR issues in commercial plant breeding: DUS testing and registration of varieties under PPV & FR Act. Variety testing, release and notification systems in India Principles and techniques of seed production, types of seeds, quality testing in self and cross-pollinated crops.

Practical 

• Floral biology in self and cross-pollinated species, selfing and crossing techniques. Techniques of seed production in self and cross-pollinated crops using A/B/R and two line system. Learning techniques in hybrid seed production using male sterility in field crops. Understanding the difficulties in hybrid seed production, Tools and techniques for optimizing hybrid seed production. Concept of rouging in seed production plot. Concept of line its multiplication and purification in hybrid seed production. Role of pollinators in hybrid seed production. Hybrid seed production techniques in sorghum, pearl millet, maize, rice, rapeseed-mustard, sunflower, castor, pigeon pea, cotton and vegetable crops. Sampling and analytical procedures for purity testing and detection of spurious seed. Seed drying and storage structure in quality seed management. Screening techniques during seed processing viz., grading and packaging. Visit public and private seed production and processing plants.

B sc Ag 5th Semester Syllabus Landscaping Agriculture

Theory 

• Importance and scope of landscaping. Principles of landscaping, garden styles and types, terrace gardening, vertical gardening, garden components, adornments, lawn making, rockery, water gardens, walk paths, bridges, other constructed features, etc. gardens for special purposes. Trees: selection, propagation, planting schemes, canopy management, shrubs and herbaceous perennials: selection, propagation, planting schemes, architecture. Climber and creepers: importance, selection, propagation, planting, Annuals: selection, propagation, planting scheme, Other garden plants: palms, ferns, grasses and cacti succulents. Pot plants: selection, arrangement, management. Bio-aesthetic planning: definition, need, planning; landscaping of urban and rural areas, Peri-urban landscaping, Landscaping of schools, public places like a bus station, railway stations, townships, river banks, hospitals, playgrounds, airports, industries, institutions. Bonsai: principles and management, lawn: establishment and maintenance. CAD application.

Practical 

• Identification of trees, shrubs, annuals, and pot plants; Propagation of trees, shrubs and annuals, care and maintenance of plants, potting and repotting, identification of tools and implements used in landscape design, training and pruning of plants for special effects, lawn establishment and maintenance, layout of formal gardens, informal gardens, special type of gardens (sunken garden, terrace garden, rock garden) and designing of conservatory and lathe house. Use computer software, and visit important gardens/ parks/ institutes.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Syllabus Food Safety And Standards

Theory 

• Food Safety - Definition, Importance, Scope and Factors Affecting Food Safety. Hazards and Risks, Types of hazards - Biological, Chemical, Physical hazards. Management of hazards - Need. Control of parameters. Temperature control. Food storage. Product design. Hygiene and Sanitation in Food Service Establishments- Introduction. Sources of contamination and their control. Waste Disposal. Pest and Rodent Control. Personnel Hygiene. Food Safety Measures. Food Safety Management Tools- Basic Concepts. PRPs, GHPs, GMPs, SSOPs etc. HACCP. ISO series. TQM - concept and need for quality, components of TQM, Kaizen. Risk Analysis.
• Accreditation and Auditing, Water Analysis, Surface Sanitation and Personal Hygiene. Food laws and Standards- Indian Food Regulatory Regime, FSSA. Global Scenario CAC. Other laws and standards related to food. Recent concerns- New and Emerging Pathogens, Packaging, Product labeling and Nutritional labeling. Genetically modified foods\ transgenics. Organic foods. Newer approaches to food safety. Recent Outbreaks. Indian and International Standards for food products.

Practical

• Water quality analysis physicochemical and microbiological. Preparation of different types of media. Microbiological Examination of different food samples. Assessment of surface sanitation by swab/rinse method. Assessment of personal hygiene. Biochemical tests for identification of bacteria. Scheme for the detection of food-borne pathogens. Preparation of plans for Implementation of FSMS - HACCP, ISO: 22000.

B.sc Ag 5th Sem Biopesticides And Biofertilizers Syllabus

Theory 

• History and concept of biopesticides. Importance, scope and potential of biopesticide. Definitions, concepts and classification of biopesticides viz. pathogen, botanical pesticides, and biorationales. Botanicals and their uses. Mass production technology of bio-pesticides. Virulence, pathogenicity and symptoms of entomopathogenic pathogens and nematodes. Methods of application of biopesticides. Methods of quality control and Techniques of biopesticides. Impediments and limitations in production and use of biopesticide. Biofertilizers - Introduction, status and scope. Structure and characteristic features of bacterial biofertilizers- Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium and Frankia; Cyanobacteria biofertilizers- Anabaena, Nostoc, Hapalosiphon and fungal biofertilizers- AM mycorrhiza and ectomycorrhiza. Nitrogen fixation -Free-living and symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Mechanism of phosphate solubilization and phosphate mobilization, K solubilization. Production technology: Strain selection, sterilization, growth and fermentation, mass production of carrier-based and liquid biofertilizers. FCO specifications and quality control of biofertilizers. Application technology for seeds', seedlings, tubers, sets etc. Biofertilizers -Storage, shelf life, quality control and marketing. Factors influencing the efficacy of biofertilizers.

Practical 

• Isolation and purification of important biopesticides: Trichoderma Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Metarhyzium, etc. and its production. Identification of important botanicals. Visit to biopesticide laboratory in the nearby area. Field visit to explore naturally infected cadavers. Identification of entomopathogenic entities in field condition. Quality control of biopesticides. Isolation and purification of Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Rhizobium, Psolubilizers and cyanobacteria. Mass multiplication and inoculum production of biofertilizers. Isolation of AM fungi -Wet sieving method and sucrose gradient method. Mass production of AM inoculants.

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