B.sc Ag Fourth Semester Syllabus Agriculture 2023-24

In this post, the b.sc ag fourth semester syllabus agriculture is given for the session 2023-24. 

Do not associate it with any university. 

The purpose of giving this syllabus is to guide those students who have just entered the fourth semester. 

An attempt has been made to bifurcate this syllabus and give B.Sc Agriculture syllabus semester wise, so that it becomes convenient for you. 

Its format has been prepared based on a previously published syllabus. 

The topics of this syllabus don't need to match with your university syllabus. 

If your university has issued a new syllabus then follow the same. 

Given here is the b.sc fourth semester agriculture syllabus for preparation for the exam. 

Students can start studying in advance for this semester and prepare their notes, which will save them time and make good use of it. 

You can also get this BSc Agriculture syllabus in PDF form. 

By copying the content written here, you can get it with the help of PDF converter tools in Google Drive. 

This syllabus covers all the topics that should be there in the syllabus and can provide the right guidelines for exam preparation. 

The syllabi of different universities may be different, but it has been seen that there is very little change in the topics. 

Let us take advantage of this syllabus for your exams and know what to study in the new year.

B.sc Agriculture 4th Semester Syllabus

B.sc Ag Fourth Sem Syllabus Of Crop Production Technology 2 (Rabi Crops)

Theory 

Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties, cultural practices and yield of Rabi crops; cereals -wheat, barley and oat, pulses-chickpea, lentil, peas, oilseeds-rapeseed, mustard, linseed and sunflower; sugar crops-sugarcane; other crop-Potato. Forage crops-berseem, lucerne and oat.

Practical 

Sowing methods of wheat and sugarcane, identification of weeds in rabi season crops. Numerical problems on seed requirement of rabi crop. Study of yield contributing characters of rabi season crops, study of important agronomic experiments of rabi crops at experimental farms. Study of rabi forage experiments, visit to research stations of related crops.

Practical Crop Production-II (Rabi Crops) 

Practical Crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: Field preparation, seed, treatment, nursery raising, sowing, nutrient, water and weed management and management of insect-pests diseases of crops, harvesting, threshing, drying winnowing, storage and marketing of produce. The emphasis will be given to seed production, mechanization, resource conservation and integrated nutrient, insect-pest and disease management technologies. Preparation of balance sheet including cost of cultivation, and net returns per student.

B.sc Ag 4th Semester Syllabus Of Seed Technology

Theory 

Seed and seed production technology: introduction, definition and importance. Deterioration causes of crop varieties and their control; Maintenance of genetic purity during seed production. Seed quality; Definition and Characters of good quality seed, different classes of seed. Foundation and certified seed production of important cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fodder and vegetables. Seed certification, phases of certification, procedure for seed certification, field inspection. Seed Act and Seed Act enforcement. Duty and powers of seed inspector, offenses and penalties. Seeds Control Order 1983, Varietal Identification through Grow Out Test. History and development of the Seed Industry in India. Seed drying, processing and their steps, seed testing for quality assessment, seed treatment, its importance, method of application and seed packing. Seed storage; general principles, stages and factors affecting seed longevity during storage. Measures for pest and disease control during storage. Seed marketing, Private and public sectors and their production and marketing strategies.

Practical 

Seed production in major cereals: Wheat, Rice, Maize, Sorghum and Bajra. Seed production in major pulses: Urd, Mung, Pigeonpea, Lentil, Gram, Field bean, pea. Seed production in major oilseeds: Rapeseed and Mustard. Seed production in important vegetable crops. Seed sampling and testing: Physical purity, germination, viability, etc. Seed and seedling vigor test. Genetic purity test: Grow out the test. Seed certification: Procedure, Field inspection, Preparation of field inspection report. Visit seed production farms, seed testing laboratories and seed processing plants.

B.sc Ag 4th Sem Syllabus Of Problematic Soil And Their Management

Theory 

Soil quality and health, Distribution of Wasteland and problem soils in India. Their categorization is based on properties. Reclamation and management of Saline and sodic soils and acid soils. Acid Sulphate soils, Eroded and Compacted soils, Flooded soils, and polluted soils. Irrigation water - quality and standards, utilization of saline water in agriculture. Remote sensing and GIS in diagnosis and management of problem soils. Multipurpose tree species, bioremediation through MPTs of soils, land capability and classification, and land suitability classification. Problematic soils under different Agroecosystems.

Practical 

Determination of pH & EC in soil and water. Line and gypsum requirement in soil, ESP and SAR in Soils. Application of remote sensing and GIS in delineating problematic soil.

B.sc Ag 4th Sem Syllabus Of Greentech Renewable Energy

Theory 

Classification of energy sources, the contribution of these sources in the agricultural sector, Familiarization with biomass utilization for biofuel production and their application, Familiarization with types of biogas plants and gasifies, biogas, bio-alcohol, biodiesel and bio-oil production and their utilization as bioenergy resource, the introduction of solar energy, collection and their application, Familiarization with solar energy gadgets: solar cooker, solar water heater, application of solar energy: solar drying, solar pond, solar distillation, the introduction of wind energy and their application.

Practical 

Familiarization with renewable energy gadgets. To study biogas plants, To study gasifiers, To study the production process of biodiesel, To study bri-cutting machines, To study the production process of biofuels. Familiarization with different solar energy gadgets. To study solar photovoltaic systems: solar light, solar pumping, and solar fencing. To study solar cookers, To study solar drying systems. To study solar distillation and solar ponds.

B.sc Ag 4th Sem Syllabus Of Production Technology Of Ornamental Crops Map And Landscaping

Theory 

Importance and scope of ornamental crops, medicinal and aromatic plants and landscaping. Principles of landscaping. Landscape uses of trees, shrubs and climbers. Style of gardening and lawn making and maintenance. Production technology of important cut flowers like rose, gerbera, carnation, Lilium and orchids user-protected conditions and gladiolus, tuberose, and chrysanthemum under open conditions. Package of practices for loose flowers like marigold and jasmine under open conditions, isabgol and aromatic plants like mint, lemongrass, citronella, palmarosa, ocimum, geranium, and vetiver.

Practical 

Identification of Ornamental plants. Identification of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Nursery bed preparation and seed sowing. Training and pruning of Ornamental plants. Planning and layout of the garden. Bed preparation and planting of MAP. Protected structures - care and maintenance. Intercultural operations in flowers and MAP. Harvesting and post-harvest handling of cut and loose flowers extraction of essential oils.

B.sc Ag 4th Sem Syllabus Of Entrepreneurship Development And Business Communication

Theory 

Concept of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship Development, Characteristics of entrepreneurs; SWOT Analysis & achievement motivation, Government policy and programs and institutions for entrepreneurship development, Impact of economic reforms on Agribusiness/ Agrienterprises, Entrepreneurial Development Process; Business Leadership Skills; Developing organizational skill (controlling, supervising, problem-solving, monitoring & evaluation), Developing Managerial skills, Business Leadership Skills (Communication, direction and motivation Skills), Problem-solving skill, Supply chain management and Total quality management, Project Planning Formulation and report preparation; Financing of enterprise, Opportunities for agri-entrepreneurship and rural enterprise.

Practical 

Assessing entrepreneurial traits, problem-solving skills, managerial skills and achievement motivation, exercise in creativity, time audit through planning, monitoring and supervision, identification and selection of business idea, preparation of business plan and proposal writing, a visit to entrepreneurship development institute and entrepreneurs.

B.sc Ag 4th Sem Syllabus Of Agrometeorology And Climate Change

Theory 

Meaning and scope of agricultural meteorology; Earth atmosphere- its composition, extent and structure; Atmospheric weather variables; Atmospheric pressure, its variation with height; Wind, types of wind, daily and seasonal variation of wind speed, cyclone, anticyclone, land breeze and sea breeze; Nature and properties of solar radiation, solar constant, depletion of solar radiation, short wave, long wave and thermal radiation, net radiation, albedo; Atmospheric temperature, temperature inversion, lapse rate, daily and seasonal variations of temperature, vertical profile of temperature, Energy balance of earth; Atmospheric humidity, concept of saturation, vapor pressure, process of condensation, formation of dew, fog, mist, frost, cloud; Precipitation, process of precipitation, types of precipitation such as rain, snow, sleet, and hail, cloud formation and classification; Artificial rainmaking. Monsoon- mechanism and importance in Indian agriculture, Weather hazards - drought, floods, frost, tropical cyclones and extreme weather conditions such as heat-wave and cold-wave. Agriculture and weather relations; Modifications of crop microclimate, climatic normals for crop and livestock production. Weather forecasting- types of weather forecast and their uses. Climate change, climatic variability, global warming, causes of climate change and its impact on regional and national Agriculture.

Practical 

Visit of Agrometeorological Observatory, site selection of observatory, exposure of instruments and weather data recording. Measurement of total, shortwave and long-wave radiation, and its estimation using Planck's intensity law. Measurement of albedo and sunshine duration, computation of Radiation Intensity using BSS. Measurement of maximum and minimum air temperatures, their tabulation, trend and variation analysis. Measurement of soil temperature and computation of soil heat flux. Determination of vapor pressure and relative humidity. Determination of dew point temperature. Measurement of atmospheric pressure and analysis of atmospheric conditions. Measurement of wind speed and wind direction, preparation of windrose. Measurement, tabulation and analysis of rain. Measurement of open pan evaporation and evapotranspiration. Computation of PET and AET.

B.sc Ag Fourth Semester Agri-Informatics Syllabus

Theory 

Introduction to Computers, Operating Systems, definition and types, Applications of MS Office for document creation and editing, Data presentation, interpretation and graph creation, statistical analysis, mathematical expressions, Database, concepts and types, uses of DBMS in Agriculture, World Wide Web (WWW): Concepts and components. Introduction to computer programming languages, concepts and standard input/output operations. e-Agriculture, concepts and applications, Use of ICT in Agriculture. Computer Models for understanding plant processes. IT application for the computation of water and nutrient requirements of crops, Computer-controlled devices (automated systems) for Agri-input management, Smartphone Apps in Agriculture for farm advice, market price, postharvest management, etc; Geospatial technology for generating valuable agri-information. Decision support systems, concepts, components and applications in Agriculture, Agriculture Expert Systems, Soil Information Systems, etc for supporting Farm decisions. Preparation of contingent crop planning using IT tools.

Practical 

Study of Computer Components, accessories, and practice of important DOS Commands. Introduction of different operating systems such as Windows, Unix/ Linux, Creating, Files & Folders, and File Management. Use MS-WORD and MS PowerPoint for creating, editing and presenting a scientific Document MS-EXCEL - Create a spreadsheet, use statistical tools, write expressions, create graphs, analysis of scientific data. MSACCESS: Creating Database, preparing queries and reports, demonstration of Agriinformation system. Introduction to the World Wide Web (WWW). Introduction of programming languages. Hands-on Crop Simulation Models (CSM) such as DSSAT/Crop-Info/CropSyst/ Wofost; Computation of water and nutrient requirements of crop using CSM and IT tools. Introduction of Geospatial Technology for generating valuable information for Agriculture. Hands-on Decision Support System. Preparation of contingent crop planning.

B.sc Ag Fourth Semester Syllabus Of Poultry Production And Management

UNIT 1. 

General: Importance of the poultry industry in India, Poultry production and marketing statistics of eggs and chicken. Historical development in poultry birds potential. 

UNIT 2. 

Breeding: Male and female reproductive system of chicken, breed and strains of broilers and layers of chicken, duck and quails, General aspects of breeding for better egg production and body weight gain, Selection and culling, Artificial insemination.

UNIT 3. 

General Management: Establishment of poultry farm, Housing and equipment, incubation and hatching of eggs, Broiler and layer management, Lighting schedule for poultry. 

UNIT 4. 

Feeds And Feeding: Digestion, Digestive system of chicken, Feed ingredients, Availability of CP and ME in ingredients, Feed processing, Formulation of feed viz. Starter, Grower, Layer, Finisher and Breeder ratio, FCR, CP ratio, Nutritional deficiency conditions. 

UNIT 5. 

Health Management: Vaccination schedule for poultry, Common poultry diseases, i.e. Ranikhet, Marex, Chicken pox, Gumboro, Infectious bronchitis and CRD, Control of internal and external parasites. 

UNIT 6. 

Poultry Products: Preservation and storage of eggs, Grading of eggs, AGMARK standard of egg, Egg powder, Slaughtering and processing of chicken, Marketing of poultry products.

Practical 

Neat and clean diagram of hen showing external body parts, the structure of the egg, Formulation of ration viz. Broiler starter ration, Broiler finisher ration, Chick starter ration, Grower ration, Layer ration and Breeder ration. Vaccination schedule for broiler and layers, Debeaking, Candling of eggs, Dissection of bird for showing internal body parts.

Syllabus Ref:- HNBGU

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B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Of Agriculture 2023-24

In this post b sc agriculture 3rd semester syllabus of agriculture subjects is given for 2023-24. 

To prepare this, the syllabus issued by the university earlier has been made the basis. 

Topics in the syllabus of all universities may vary semester wise. 

This may differ from the syllabus issued by your university. 

Therefore, if your university has issued the syllabus for the new session, then prepare for your exam by following it only. 

To search this, you must write B.sc agriculture syllabus semester wise for exam preparation in Google's search box. 

This syllabus will come in front of you. 

The purpose of giving it here is to help those students who have just been admitted in the third semester and want to know which topics they have to cover in the new session. 

With this, those students will be able to prepare in advance for their examination in the right direction. 

By using this syllabus, you can make excellent notes on this subject in advance. 

Which will make your revision easier before the upcoming exam and will also save you time. 

Here an attempt has been made to present the BSC AG 3rd semester syllabus before you in an error-free manner. 

The scope for spelling mistakes has been greatly reduced.

Here it has also been kept in mind that the B.Sc Agriculture syllabus should be topic wise for exam papers.

Let's use this syllabus.

BSc Agriculture 3rd Semester syllabus 2023-24

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Of Crop Production Technology 1 (Kharif Crops)

Theory 

• Origin, geographical distribution, economic importance, soil and climatic requirements, varieties, cultural practices and yield of Kharif crops. Cereals - rice, maize, sorghum, pearl millet and finger millet, pulses-pigeonpea, mungbean and urdbean; oilseeds- til, groundnut, and soybean; fiber crops- cotton & jute; forage crops-sorghum, cowpea, cluster bean and napier.

Practical 

• Rice nursery preparation, transplanting of rice, sowing of soybean, pigeon pea and mungbean. Maize, groundnut and cotton, the effect of seed size on germination. Effect of sowing depth on germination of Kharif crops, identification of weeds in Kharif season crops, top dressing and foliar feeding of nutrients, study of yield contributing characters and yield calculation of Kharif season crops, the study of crop varieties and important agronomic experiments at the experimental farm. Visit research centers related to crops.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Practical Crop Production 1 Kharif Crops

Practical 

• Crop planning, raising field crops in multiple cropping systems: Field preparation, seed, treatment, nursery raising, sowing, nutrient, water and weed management and management of insect-pests diseases of crops, harvesting, threshing, drying winnowing, storage and marketing of produce. The emphasis will be given to seed production, mechanization, resource conservation and integrated nutrient, insect-pest and disease management technologies. Preparation of balance sheet including cost of cultivation, net returns per student as well as per team of 8-10 students.

B.sc Agriculture 3rd Semester Syllabus Of Plant Breeding

Theory 

• Historical development, concept, nature and role of plant breeding, major achievements and future prospects; Genetics in relation to plant breeding, modes of reproduction and apomixes, self-incompatibility and male sterility- genetic consequences. Domestication, Acclimatization and Introduction; Centres of origin/diversity, components of Genetic variation; Heritability and genetic advance; Genetic basis and breeding methods in self-pollinated crops - mass and pure line selection, hybridization techniques and handling of segregating population; Multiline concept. Concepts of population genetics and Hardy-Weinberg Law; Genetic basis and methods of breeding cross-pollinated crops, modes of selection; Population improvement Schemes-Ear to row method, Modified Ear to Row, recurrent selection. Heterosis and inbreeding depression, development of inbred lines and hybrids, composite and synthetic varieties; Breeding methods in asexually propagated crops, clonal selection and hybridization; Maintenance of breeding records and data collection; Wide hybridization and pre-breeding; Polyploidy in relation to plant breeding, mutation breeding-methods and uses; Breeding for important biotic and abiotic stresses; Biotechnological tools-DNA markers and marker-assisted selection.

Practical 

• Plant Breeder's kit, Study of germplasm of various crops. Study of floral structure of self-pollinated and cross-pollinated crops. To work out the mode of pollination in a given crop and the extent of natural out-crossing. Prediction of performance of double cross hybrids. Emasculation and hybridization techniques in self & cross-pollinated crops. Consequences of inbreeding on the genetic structure of resulting populations. Study of male sterility system. Handling of segregation populations. Methods of calculating mean, range, variance, standard deviation, and heritability. Designs and their analysis in plant breeding experiments.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Of Agricultural Microbiology

Theory 

• Introduction of Microbial world: Prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. Bacteria: cell structure, chemoautotrophy, photo autotrophy, growth. Bacterial genetics: Genetic recombination- transformation, conjugation and transduction, plasmids, transposon. Role of microbes in soil fertility and crop production: Carbon, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur cycles. Biological nitrogen fixation- symbiotic, associative and symbiotic. Azolla, blue-green algae and mycorrhiza. Rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Microbes in human welfare: biofertilizers, biopesticides, biofuel production and biodegradation. Microbial degradation of organic matter in soil. Cellulose decomposing micros for composed preparation & vermin composition. Soil organisms: macro and microorganisms, their beneficial and harmful effects.

Practical 

• Introduction to microbiology laboratory and its equipment; principles of microscopy. Methods of sterilization. Nutritional media and their preparations. Enumeration of microbial population in soil- bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes. Methods of isolation and purification of microbial cultures. Isolation of Rhizobium from legume root nodule. Isolation of Azotobacter from soil. Isolation of Azospirillum from roots. Isolation of BGA. Staining and microscopic examination of microbes.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Of Agriculture Finance And Cooperation

Theory 

• Agricultural Finance- meaning, scope and significance, credit needs and its role in Indian agriculture. Agricultural credit: meaning, definition, need, classification. Credit analysis: 4 R's, and 3C's of credits. Sources of agricultural finance: institutional and non-institutional sources, commercial banks, social control and nationalization of commercial banks, microfinancing including K.CC. Lead bank scheme, RRBs, Scale of finance and unit cost. An introduction to higher financing institutions - RBI, NABARD, ADB, IMF, World Bank, Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation of India. Cost of credit. Recent development in agricultural credit. Preparation and analysis of financial statements - Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Basic guidelines for preparation of project reports- Bank norms - SWOT analysis. Agricultural Cooperation - Meaning, a brief history of cooperative development in India, objectives, principles of cooperation, and significance of cooperatives in Indian agriculture. Agricultural Cooperation in India- credit, marketing, consumer and multipurpose cooperatives, farmers' service cooperative societies, processing cooperatives, farming cooperatives, cooperative warehousing; role of ICA, NCUI, NCDC, NAFED.

Practical 

• Determination of the most profitable level of capital use. Optimum allocation of limited amount of capital among different enterprises. Analysis of progress and performance of cooperatives using published data. Analysis of progress and performance of commercial banks and RRBs using published data. Visit a commercial bank, cooperative bank and cooperative society to acquire firsthand knowledge of their management, schemes and procedures. Estimation of credit requirement of farm business - A case study. Preparation and analysis of balance sheet - A case study. Preparation and analysis of income statement - A case study. Appraisal of a loan proposal - A case study. Techno-economic parameters for preparation of projects. Preparation of Bankable projects for various agricultural products and their value-added products. Seminar on selected topics.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Of Farm Machinery And Power

Theory 

• Status of Farm Power in India, Sources of Farm Power, I.C. engines, working principles of I C engines, comparison of two-stroke and four-stroke cycle engines, Study of different components of I.C. engine, I.C. engine terminology and solved problems, Familiarization with different systems of I.C. engines: Air cleaning, cooling, lubrication, fuel supply and hydraulic control system of a tractor, Familiarization with Power transmission system: clutch, gearbox, differential and final drive of a tractor, Tractor types, Cost analysis of tractor power and attached implement, Familiarization with Primary and Secondary Tillage implement, Implement for hill agriculture, implement for intercultural operations, Familiarization with sowing and planting equipment, calibration of a seed drill and solved examples, Familiarization with Plant Protection equipment, Familiarization with harvesting and threshing equipment.

Practical 

• Study of different components of I.C. engine. To study the air cleaning and cooling system of the engine, Familiarization with the clutch, transmission, differential and final drive of a tractor, Familiarization with the lubrication and fuel supply system of the engine, Familiarization with brake, steering, the hydraulic control system of the engine, Learning of tractor driving, Familiarization with the operation of power tiller, Implements for hill agriculture, Familiarization with different types of primary and secondary tillage implements: mold plough, disc plough and disc harrow. Familiarization with seedcum-fertilizer drills their seed metering mechanism and calibration, planters and transplanters Familiarization with different types of sprayers and dusters Familiarization with different inter-cultivation equipment, Familiarization with harvesting and threshing machinery.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Of Integrated Disease Management

Theory 

• Categories of diseases, IDM: Introduction, history, importance, concepts, principles and tools of IDM. Economic importance of, diseases and Methods of detection and diagnosis of and diseases. Calculation and dynamics of economic injury level and importance of Economic threshold level. Methods of control: Host plant resistance, cultural, mechanical, physical, legislative, biological and chemical control. Survey surveillance and forecasting of diseases. Safety issues in fungicide uses. Political, social and legal implications of IDM.

Practical 

• Methods of diagnosis and detection of plant diseases, Methods of plant disease measurement, Assessment of crop yield losses, calculations based on economics of IDM, Identification of biocontrol agents, different predators and natural enemies. Identification and nature of damage of important diseases and their management. Plan & assess preventive strategies (IDM module) and decision making, crop monitoring attacked by diseases. Farmers' fields visit.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Environmental Studies & Disaster Management

Theory 

• Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies Definition, scope and importance. Natural Resources: Renewable and non-renewable resources, Natural resources and associated problems. a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people. b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies. d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and nonrenewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. Case studies. f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man-induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role of an individual in the conservation of natural resources. Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles. Ecosystems: Concept of an ecosystem, Structure and function of an ecosystem, Producers, consumers and decomposers, Energy flow in the ecosystem. Ecological succession, Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids. Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem: a. Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem d. Aquatic ecosystems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries), Biodiversity and its conservation: - Introduction, definition, genetic, species & ecosystem diversity and biogeographical classification of India. 
• Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values. Biodiversity at global, National and local levels, India as a megadiversity nation. Hot spots of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. 
• Environmental Pollution: definition, cause, effects and control measures of: a. Air pollution b. Water pollution c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards. 
• Solid Waste Management: causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes. Role of an individual in the prevention of pollution. Social Issues and the Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development, Urban problems related to energy, Water conservation, rainwater harvesting, watershed management. Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions, climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust. dies. Wasteland reclamation. Consumerism and waste products. Environment Protection Act. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Wildlife Protection Act. Forest Conservation Act. Issues involved in the enforcement of environmental legislation. Public awareness. Human Population and the Environment: population growth, variation among nations, population explosion, Family Welfare Programme. Environment and human health: Human Rights, Value Education, HIV/AIDS. Women and Child Welfare. Role of Information Technology in Environment and human health.

Disaster Management 

• Natural Disasters- Meaning and nature of natural disasters, their types and effects. Floods, drought, cyclones, earthquakes, landslides, avalanches, volcanic eruptions, Heat and cold waves, Climatic change: global warming, ozone depletion. Man-Made DisastersNuclear disasters, chemical disasters, biological disasters, building fires, coal fires, forest fires, oil fires, air pollution, water pollution, deforestation, industrial wastewater pollution.
• Disaster Management- Effect to migrate natural disasters at national and global levels. International strategy for disaster reduction. Concept of disaster management, national disaster management framework; financial arrangements; the role of NGOs, community-based organizations and media. Central, state, district and local administration.

Practical 

• Pollution case studies. Case Studies- Fieldwork: Visit a local area to document environmental assets river/ forest/ grassland/ hill/ mountain, visit a local polluted siteUrban/Rural/Industrial/Agricultural, the study of common plants, insects, birds and study of simple ecosystems-pond, river, hill slopes, etc.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Statistics Method

Theory 

• Introduction to Statistics and its Applications in Agriculture, Graphical Representation of Data, Measures of Central Tendency and dispersion, Definition of Probability, Addition and Multiplication Theorem (without proof). Simple Problems Based on Probability. Binomial & Poisson Distributions, Definition of Correlation, Scatter Diagram. Karl Pearson's Coefficient of Correlation. Linear Regression Equations. Introduction to Test of Significance, One sample & two sample test t for Means, ChiSquare Test of Independence of Attributes in 2 x2 Contingency Table. Introduction to Analysis of Variance, Analysis of One Way Classification. Introduction to Sampling Methods, Sampling versus Complete Enumeration, Simple Random Sampling with and without replacement, Use of Random Number Tables for selection of Simple Random Sample.

Practical 

• Graphical Representation of Data. Measures of Central Tendency (Ungrouped data) with Calculation of Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles. Measures of Central Tendency (Grouped data) with Calculation of Quartiles, Deciles and Percentiles. Measures of Dispersion (Ungrouped Data). Measures of Dispersion (Grouped Data). Moments, Measures of Skewness & Kurtosis (Ungrouped Data). Moments, Measures of Skewness & Kurtosis (Grouped Data). Correlation & Regression Analysis. Application of One Sample t-test. Application of Two Sample Fisher's t-test. Chi-Square test of Goodness of Fit. Chi-Square test of Independence of Attributes for 2 x2 contingency table. Analysis of Variance One Way Classification. Analysis of Variance Two Way Classification. Selection of random sample using Simple Random Sampling.

B.sc Ag 3rd Sem Syllabus Dairy Science

UNIT 1. 

• General: Concept of Dairying, Dairying in India, Dairy development in different five-year plans. 

UNIT 2. 

• Dairy production statistics, Cleaning and sanitization of dairy equipment. 

UNIT 3. 

• Dairy cooperatives, Functioning of dairy cooperatives societies, Functioning of Anand Pattern, White revolution, Objectives and achievements of operation flood. 

UNIT 4. 

• Milk and its secretion, Transportation and milk distribution, pricing policy of milk, platform tests, Filtration, Straining and Clarification of milk, Standardization, Milk adulteration and its detection, Common preservatives of milk and their detection, Legal standards of milk. Factors affecting the quality and quantity of milk, Nutritive value of milk and milk product. 

UNIT 5. 

• Basic principles of refrigeration and cold storage of milk and milk products. Common adulterants of ghee, khoa and their detection.

Practical

• A sampling of milk, C.O.B. Test, M.B.R. Test, Sediment test, Problems on Standardization, Detection of adulterants viz. water, starch, sucrose, urea, detergent and refined oil, Problems on adulteration, Hansa Test, Detection of preservatives, Alcohol test, Acidity of milk.

B.sc Ag Third Sem Syllabus Fundamental Of Entomology 2

(Insect Ecology & Concepts of IPM)

Theory 

• Insect Ecology: Introduction, Environment and its components. Effect of abiotic factors- temperature, moisture, humidity, rainfall, light, atmospheric pressure and air currents. Effect of biotic factors - food competition, natural and environmental resistance.
• IPM: Categories of pests. Concept of IPM, Practices, scope and limitations of IPM. Classification of insecticides, toxicity of insecticides and formulations of insecticides. Chemical control- importance, hazards and limitations. Recent methods of pest control, repellents, anti-feed ants, hormones, attractants, and gamma radiation. Insecticides Act 1968- Important provisions. Application techniques of spray fluids. Symptoms of poisoning, first aid and antidotes. Survey, surveillance and forecasting of insect pests. Safety issues of pesticide uses.

Practical 

• Sampling techniques for estimation of insect population and damage. Insecticides and their formulations. Pesticide appliances and their maintenance.

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B.sc Ag 1st Sem Syllabus Of Agriculture 2023-24

In this post b.sc ag 1st sem syllabus of agriculture is given for the session of 2023-2024. 

The purpose of providing this syllabus is to help those students who have just been admitted to first-semester Agriculture and the new syllabus has not been made available or provided to them by their university. 

Some students want to start their studies without wasting any time in advance. 

But they are not aware of what they will be given to study in B.Sc Agriculture syllabus semester wise. 

This common syllabus will act as a guide for them. 

Through this, you can learn the topics of this subject in sequence and prepare excellent notes for yourself. 

At present the topics in the university syllabus are the same. 

If the syllabus has been issued by your university, then use that for B.Sc Agriculture first semester syllabus for exam preparation. 

All the topics have been included in this syllabus, which have been included in the previous syllabus. 

Here all the topics are highlighted and the points contained in that topic are shown in detail so that it becomes easier for you to read and understand them. 

If you want to get the b.sc agriculture first semester syllabus for agri science in PDF, then go to Google Drive, paste it on the page, and convert it to PDF using the tools. 

After that, you can avail its benefits offline also. 

Let us pursue our studies according to this syllabus.

Let's start.

B.sc Agriculture Syllabus 1st Year

B.sc Ag 1st Sem Fundamental Of Agronomy Syllabus

Theory 

• Agronomy and its scope, seeds and sowing, tillage and tilth, crop density and geometry, Crop nutrition, manures and fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency, water resources, soil-plant water relationship, crop water requirement, water use efficiency, irrigation-scheduling criteria and methods, quality of irrigation water. 
• Weeds- importance, classification, crop weed competition, concepts of weed management principles and methods, herbicides- classification, selectivity and resistance, allelopathy. Growth and development of crops, factors affecting growth and development, plant ideotypes, crop rotation and its principles, adaptation and distribution of crops, harvesting and threshing of crops.

Practical 

• Identification of crops, seeds, fertilizers, pesticides and tillage implements, Identification of weeds in crops, Methods of herbicide and fertilizer application, Study of yield contributing characters and yield estimation. Numerical exercises on fertilizer requirement, plant population, herbicides and water requirement, Study of soil moisture measuring devices, and Measurement of irrigation water.

B.sc Ag 1st Sem Fundamentals Of Genetics Syllabus

Theory 

• Pre and Post Mendelian concepts of heredity, Mendelian principles of heredity. Architecture of chromosomes; special types of chromosomes. Chromosomal theory of inheritance; cell cycle and cell division - mitosis and meiosis. Chi-square test; Dominance relationships, Epistatic interactions; Multiple alleles, pleiotropism and pseudo alleles. Sex determination and sex linkage, sex limited and sex influenced traits, Blood group genetics, Linkage and its estimation, crossing over mechanisms, and chromosome mapping. Structural and numerical variations in chromosomes and their implications, use of haploids, dihaploids and doubled haploids in Genetics. Mutation, classification, Methods of inducing mutations and CLB technique, mutagenic agents and induction of mutation. Qualitative & Quantitative traits, Polygenes and continuous variations, multiple factor hypothesis, Cytoplasmic inheritance. Genetic disorders. Nature, structure & replication of genetic material (DNA). Protein synthesis, Transcription and translational mechanism of genetic material. Gene concept: Gene structure, function and regulation.

Practical 

• Study of the microscope. Study of cell structure. Mitosis and Meiosis cell division. Experiments on monohybrid, dihybrid, trihybrid, test cross and back cross, Experiments on epistatic interactions including test cross and back cross, Practice on mitotic and meiotic cell division, Experiments on probability and Chi-square test. Determination of linkage and cross-over analysis (through two-point test cross and three-point test cross data). Study on sex-linked inheritance in Drosophila. Study of models on DNA and RNA structures.

B.sc Ag First Sem Fundamentals Of Soil Science Syllabus

Theory 

• Soil as a natural body, Pedological and edaphological concepts of soil; Soil genesis: soil-forming rocks and minerals; weathering, processes and factors of soil formation; Soil Profile, components of soil; Soil physical properties: soil-texture, structure, density and porosity, soil colour, consistency and plasticity; Elementary knowledge of soil taxonomy, classification of soils of India; Soil water retention, movement and availability; Soil air, composition, gaseous exchange, problem and plant growth, Soil temperature; source, amount and flow of heat in soil; effect on plant growth, Soil reaction-pH, EC, soil acidity and alkalinity, buffering, the effect of pH on nutrient availability; soil colloids - inorganic and organic; silicate clays: constitution and properties; sources of charge; ion exchange, cation exchange capacity, base saturation; soil organic matter: composition, properties and its influence on soil properties; humic substances - nature and properties. Soil pollution - behaviour of pesticides and inorganic contaminants, prevention and mitigation of soil pollution.

Practical 

• Study of soil profile in the field. Study of soil sampling tools, collection of representative soil samples, its processing and storage. Study of soil forming rocks and minerals. Determination of soil density, moisture content and porosity. Determination of soil texture by feel method. Determination of soil pH and electrical conductivity. Study of soil map. Estimation of the organic matter content of soil. Estimation of CO3 and HCO3 in soil water.

B.sc Ag First Sem Fundamentals Of Horticulture Syllabus

Theory 

• Horticulture - Its definition and branches, importance and scope; horticultural and botanical classification; climate and soil for horticultural crops; Plant propagation methods and propagating structures; principles of orchard establishment; Principles and methods of training and pruning, juvenility and flower bud differentiation; unfruitfulness; pollination, pollinizers and pollinators; fertilization and parthenocarpy; use of plant bioregulators in horticulture, irrigation and fertilizers applications - method and quality.

Practical 

• Identification of garden tools. Identification of horticultural crops. Preparation of seed bed/nursery bed. Practice of sexual and asexual methods of propagation Layout and planting or orchard plants. Training and pruning of fruit trees transplanting and care of vegetable seedlings making of herbaceous and shrubbery borders. Preparation of potting mixture potting and repotting. Fertilizer application in different crops. Visits to commercial nurseries/orchards.

B.sc Ag 1st Sem Rural And Educational Psychology Syllabus

Theory 

• Sociology and Rural Sociology: Definition and scope, its significance in agriculture extension, Social Ecology, Rural society, Social Groups, Social Stratification, Culture concept, Social Institution, Social Change & Development. Rural Leadership: concept and definition, types of leaders in the rural context.
• Educational psychology: Meaning & its importance in agriculture extension. Behavior: Cognitive, affective, psychomotor domain, Personality, Learning, Motivation, Theories of Motivation, Intelligence.

Practical 

• Socio-economic survey of village communities. Developing schedules and questionnaires. Visit and gain Practical knowledge about the working of basic rural institutions. Identifying important value systems in the rural setting as a means of social control. Identification of rural personality traits that affect the development of personality in rural situations.

B.sc Ag 1st Sem Introduction To Forestry Syllabus

Theory 

• Introduction - definitions of basic terms related to forestry, objectives of silviculture, forest classification, and salient features of Indian Forest Policies. Forest regeneration, Natural regeneration - natural regeneration from seed and vegetative parts, coppicing, root suckers; Artificial regeneration - objectives, choice between natural and artificial regeneration, essential preliminary considerations.
• Crown classification. Tending operations - weeding, cleaning, thinning - mechanical, ordinary, crown and advanced thinning. Forest mensuration - objectives, diameter measurement, instruments used in diameter measurement; measurement of volume of felled and standing trees, age determination of trees. Agroforestry - definitions, importance, criteria of selection of trees in agroforestry, different agroforestry systems prevalent in the country, shifting cultivation, taungya, alley cropping, windbreaks and shelter belts, home gardens. Cultivation practices of two important fast-growing tree species of the region.

Practical 

• Identification of tree species. Diameter measurements using calipers and tape, Volume measurement of logs using various formulae. Nursery layout, seed sowing, vegetative propagation techniques. Forest plantations and their management. Visits of nearby forest-based industries.

B.sc Ag First Sem Introductory Animal Husbandry Syllabus

UNIT 1. 

• General: Importance of livestock in Agriculture and Economy. Dairying under specialized and mixed farming. Livestock and milk production statistics.

UNIT 2. 

• Dairy Cattle and Buffaloes Management: Cattle and buffalo Breeds, Breeding methods & systems, Care and Management of pregnant and milch cows, Raising of calves, Management of heifers and bulls, Maintenance of livestock records, Milking methods and principles, Clean milk production, Feeds and feeding, Conservation of fodder, Housing for dairy animals.

UNIT 3. 

• PIG MANAGEMENT: Importance, Important breeds, Raising of piglets up to the age of slaughter, General aspects of breeding, Care of sow and boar.

UNIT 4. 

• Sheep and Goat Management: Importance, Important breeds, Raising of kids and lambs, Breeding, Feeding of goats and sheep.

UNIT 5. 

• Health Management: Common animal diseases of cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep and swine viz. Anthrax, BQ, HS, Brucellosis, Mastitis, Milk fever, Bloat, Swine fever and Enterotoxemia, Vaccination schedule.

Practical 

• Study of external body parts, Study of phenotypic and physiological differences between cows and buffaloes, Estimation of body weight by measurements, Identification of animals, Castration, Dehorning, Estimation of cost of milk production, Problems on computation of ration, casting and throwing, Grooming, Scheme of fodder production round the year, Recording temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate of animals.

B.sc Ag First Sem Communication Skills Syllabus

Theory 

• War Minus Shooting- The Sporting Spirit. A Dilemma- A layman looks at science Raymond B. Fosdick. You and Your English - Spoken English and broken English G.B. Shaw. Reading Comprehension, Vocabulary- Antonym, Synonym, Homophones, Homonyms, often confused words. Exercises to Help the students in the enrichment of vocabulary based on TOEFL and other competitive examinations. Functional grammar: Articles, Prepositions, Verb, Subject-verb Agreement, Transformation, Synthesis, Direct and Indirect Narration. Written Skills: Paragraph writing, Precise writing, Report writing and Proposal writing. The Style: Importance of professional writing. Preparation of Curriculum Vitae and Job applications. Synopsis Writing. Interviews: kinds, Importance and process.

Practical 

• Listening Comprehension: Listening to short talks lectures, speeches (scientific, commercial and general in nature). Oral Communication: Phonetics, stress and intonation, Conversation practice. Conversation: rate of speech, clarity of voice, speaking and Listening, politeness &Reading skills: reading dialogues, rapid reading, intensive reading, improving reading skills. Mock Interviews: testing initiative, team spirit, leadership, intellectual ability. Group Discussions.

B.sc First Sem Agriculture Heritage Syllabus

Theory 

• Introduction of Indian agricultural heritage; Ancient agricultural practices, Relevance of heritage to present day agriculture; Past and present status of agriculture and farmers in society; Journey of Indian agriculture and its development from past to modern era; Plant production and protection through indigenous traditional knowledge; Crop voyage in India and world; Agriculture scope; Importance of agriculture and agricultural resources available in India; Crop significance and classifications; National agriculture setup in India; Current scenario of Indian agriculture; Indian agricultural concerns and future prospects.

B.sc Ag First Sem General Agriculture-1 Syllabus

• Agriculture of Intermediate standard including Agronomy, Soil Science, Horticulture, Plant Pathology.

B.sc Ag 1st Sem Introductory Biology Syllabus

Theory 

• Introduction to the living world, diversity and characteristics of life, origin of life, Evolution and Eugenics. Binomial nomenclature and classification Cell and cell division. Morphology of flowing plants. Seed and seed germination. 
• Plant systematic- viz; Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. Role of animals in agriculture.

Practical 

• Morphology of flowering plants - root, stem and leaf and their modifications. Influence, flower and fruits. Cell, tissues & cell division. The internal structure of root, stem and leaf. Study of specimens and slides. Description of plants - Brassicaceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae.

B.sc Agriculture 1st Semester Syllabus Of General Agriculture-2nd

• Agriculture of Intermediate standard including Ag Engg, Animal Husbandry and economics.

B.sc Agriculture 1st Semester Syllabus Of Elementary Mathematics

• Theory Straight lines : Distance formula, section formula (internal and external division), Change of axes (only origin changed), Equation of co-ordinate axes, Equation of lines parallel to axes, Slope-intercept form of equation of line, Slope-point form of equation of line, Two point form of equation of line, Intercept form of equation of line, Normal form of equation of line, General form of equation of line, Point of intersection of two st. lines, Angles between two st. lines, Parallel lines, Perpendicular lines, Angle of bisectors between two lines. Area of triangle and quadrilateral. Circle: Equation of circle whose center and radius are known, General equation of a circle, Equation of circle passing through three given points, Equation of circle whose diameters is the line joining two points (xj, yj) & (X2,y2)> Tangent and Normal to a given circle at a given point (Simple problems), Condition of tangency of a line y = mx + c to the given circle x2 + y 2 = a . Differential Calculus: Definition of function, limit and continuity, Simple problems on limit, Simple problems on continuity, Differentiation of x n , ex , sin x & cos x from first principle, Derivatives of sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, Differentiation of functions of functions (Simple problem based on it), Logarithmic differentiation (Simple problem based on it), Differentiation by substitution method and simple problems based on it, Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric functions. Maxima and Minima of the functions of the form y=f (x) (Simple problems based on it). Integral Calculus: Integration of simple functions, Integration of Product of two functions, Integration by substitution method, Definite Integral (simple problems based on it), Area under simple well-known curves (simple problems based on it).
• Matrices and Determinants: Definition of Matrices, Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Transpose and Inverse up to 3rd order. Properties of determinants up to 3rd order and their evaluation.

Non-Gradial Courses

NSS/NCC/Physical Education & Yoga Practices

B.sc Agriculture 1st Semester Syllabus Of Physical Education Honours

Theory Course aims at evoking social consciousness among students through various activities viz., working together, constructive and creative social work, being skillful in executing democratic leadership, developing skills in program development to be able for self-employment, reducing the gap between educated and uneducated, increasing awareness and desire to help sections of society. 

Following activities are to be taken up under the NSS course:

• Introduction and basic components of NSS: Orientation
• NSS programmes and activities, Understanding youth, Community mobilization
• Social harmony and national integration, Volunteerism and Shramdan
• Citizenship, constitution and human rights
• Family and society
• Importance and role of youth leadership, Life competencies
• Youth development programmes, Health, hygiene and sanitation
• Youth health, lifestyle, HIV AIDS and first aid
• Youth and yoga, Vocational skill development
• Issues related environment, Disaster management
• Entrepreneurship development
• Formulation of production-oriented projects, Documentation and data reporting
• Resource mobilization, Additional life skills
• Activities directed by the Central and State Government

All the activities related to the National Service Scheme course are distributed under four different courses viz., National Service Scheme I, National Service Scheme II, National Service Scheme III and National Service Scheme IV each having one credit load. 

The entire four courses should be offered continuously for two years. 

A student enrolled in NSS course should put in at least 60 hours of social work in different activities in a semester other than five regular one-day camps in a year and one special camp for duration of 7 days at any semester break period in the two year.

National Service Scheme I Introduction And Basic Components Of NSS

• Orientation:- History, objectives, principles, symbol, badge; regular programmes under NSS, the organizational structure of NSS, code of conduct for NSS volunteers, points to be considered by NSS volunteers awareness about health.
• NSS programmes and activities:- Concept of regular activities, special camping, day camps, basis of adoption of village/slums, conducting survey, analysing guiding financial patterns of the scheme, youth programme/ schemes of GOI, coordination with different agencies and maintenance of diary.
• Understanding Youth:-  Definition, profile, profile, categories, issues and challenges of youth; and opportunities for youth who are agents of social change.
• Community Mobilisation:- Mapping of community stakeholders, designing the message as per problems and their culture; identifying methods of mobilization involving youth-adult partnership.
• Social harmony and national integration:- Indian history and culture, role of youth in nation building, conflict resolution and peace-building.
• Volunteerism and shramdan:- Indian tradition of volunteerism, its need, importance, motivation and constraints; shramdan as part of volunteerism.
• Citizenship, constitution and human rights:- Basic features of the constitution of India, fundamental rights and duties, human rights, consumer awareness and rights and rights to information Family and society. Concept of family, community (PRls and other community-based organisations) and society Different activities will include orientation lectures and practical works. Activities directed by the Central and State Governments have to be performed by all the volunteers of NSS as per direction.
• All activities of National Cadet Corps & Physical Education and Yoga Practices.

Ref. Taken from - HNBGU

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B.sc Ag 2nd Sem Syllabus Of Agriculture 2023-24

In this post-B.sc ag 2nd sem syllabus of agriculture is given for the session 2023-24. 

This syllabus is being given as a common syllabus. 

Basically, its objective is to provide proper guidance to those students who have just been admitted to the Agriculture Second Semester. 

Sometimes it happens that students do not get the syllabus or the university releases it late. 

In that situation, by using this b.sc agriculture syllabus semester wise, they can get the correct information about the subject topic. 

Using this as your basis, you can prepare your notes and exam in advance. 

If the B.Sc Agriculture 2nd semester syllabus is issued by your university, then you should continue your preparation as per the instructions of the same syllabus. 

The syllabus given here covers all the topics which were given in the university syllabus earlier. 

A basic course of information has been covered. 

To get the B.sc agriculture syllabus in PDF form, it can be copied and converted into PDF in Google Docs and downloaded. 

With this, you will be able to use it offline also. 

Use this syllabus given here only as subject wise information. 

It is optional that the topics of this syllabus match your college syllabus. 

Let's use it for the b.sc agriculture second semester syllabus for the exam paper.

B.sc Agriculture Second Semester Syllabus Of Agriculture In English

B.sc Agriculture 2nd Semester Syllabus Of Crop Physiology

(Fundamentals of Crop Physiology)

Theory 

• Introduction to crop physiology and its importance in Agriculture; Plant cell: an Overview; Diffusion and osmosis; Absorption of water, transpiration and Stomatal Physiology; Mineral nutrition of Plants: Functions and deficiency symptoms of nutrients, nutrient uptake mechanisms; Photosynthesis: Light and Dark reactions, C3, C4 and CAM plants; Respiration: Glycolysis, TCA cycle and electron transport chain; Fat Metabolism: Fatty acid synthesis and Breakdown; Plant growth regulators: Physiological roles and agricultural uses, Physiological aspects of growth and development of major crops: Growth analysis, Role of Physiological growth parameters in crop productivity.

Practical 

• Study of plant cells, structure and distribution of stomata, imbibitions, osmosis, plasmolysis, measurement of root pressure, rate of transpiration, Separation of photosynthetic pigments through paper chromatography, Rate of transpiration, photosynthesis, respiration, tissue test for mineral nutrients, estimation of relative water content, Measurement of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation by Infra-Red Gas Analyser (IRGA).

B.sc Agriculture 2nd Semester Syllabus Of Plant Biochemistry

Theory 

• Biochemistry- introduction, scope and Importance in agriculture. Carbohydrates: Importance and classification of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides and Polysaccharides. Lipid: Importance and classification; Structures and properties of fatty acids; lipids. Proteins: Importance of proteins and classification; Structures. Amino acid- definition, calcification and important function. Structural organization of proteins. Enzymes: General properties; Classification; Mechanism of action; classification of vitamin structure role and its deficiency symptoms. Introduction to allosteric enzymes. Nucleic acids: Importance and classification; Structure of Nucleotides. Metabolism of carbohydrates: Glycolysis.

Practical 

• Qualitative tests of carbohydrates and amino acids. Quantitative estimation of glucose/ proteins. Titration methods for estimation of amino acids/lipids, Paper chromatography Monosaccharides. Estimation of Ca, CaO and CaCO3 in Hcl extract. Estimation of reducing and non-reducing in cane sugar and jaggery.

B.sc Agriculture 2nd Semester Syllabus Of Morphology And Taxonomy

(Fundamentals of Entomology-I)

• Theory Classification of phylum Arthropoda up to classes. Relationship of class Insecta with other classes of Arthropoda. Morphology: Structure and functions of insect cuticle and molting. Body segmentation. Structure of Head, thorax and abdomen. Structure and modifications of insect antennae, mouth parts, legs, wing venation, modifications, and wing coupling apparatus. Structure of male and female genital organs. Metamorphosis and diapause in insects. Types of larvae and pupae. Structure and functions of digestive, circulatory, excretory, respiratory, nervous, secretory (Endocrine) and reproductive systems in insects. Types of reproduction in insects. Major sensory organs like simple and compound eyes and chemoreceptors. 
• Systematics: Taxonomy -importance, history and development and binomial nomenclature. Definitions of Biotype, Sub-species, Species, Genus, Family and Order. Classification of the class Insecta upto Orders, basic groups of present-day insects with special emphasis to orders and families of Agricultural importance like 
• Orthoptera: Acrididae, 
• Dictyoptera: Mantidae, 
• Odonata; Isoptera: Termitidae; 
• Thysanoptera: Thripidae; 
• Hemiptera: Pentatomidae, Coreidae, Cimicidae, Pyrrhocoridae, Lygaeidae, Cicadellidae, Delphacidae, Aphididae, Coccidae, Lophophidae, Aleurodidae, Pseudococcidae; Neuroptera: Chrysopidae; 
• Lepidoptera: Pieridae, Papiloinidae, Noctuidae, Sphingidae, Pyralidae, Gelechiidae, Arctiidae, Saturnidae, Bombycidae; 
• Coleoptera: Coccinellidae, Chrysomelidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Bruchidae, Scarabaeidae; 
• Hymenoptera: Tenthridinidae, Apidae. Trichogrammatidae, ichneumonid, Braconidae, Chalcididae; 
• Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Tachinidae, Agromyziidae, Culicidae, Muscidae, Tephritidae.

Practical 

• Methods of collection and preservation of insects including immature stages; External features of Grasshopper/Blister beetle; Types of insect antennae, mouthparts and legs; Wing venation, types of wings and wing coupling apparatus. Types of insect larvae and pupae; Dissection of digestive system in insects (Grasshopper); Dissection of male and female reproductive systems in insects (Grasshopper);
• Study of characters of orders Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Odonata, Isoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera and their families of agricultural importance.

B.sc Agriculture 2nd Semester Syllabus Of Agricultural Economics

Theory 

• Economics: Meaning, scope and subject matter, definitions, activities, approaches to economic analysis; micro and macroeconomics, positive and normative analysis. Nature of economic theory; rationality assumption, concept of equilibrium, economic laws as generalization of human behavior. Basic concepts: Goods and services, desire, want, demand, utility, cost and price, wealth, capital, income and welfare. Agricultural economics: meaning, definition, characteristics of agriculture, importance and its role in economic development. Agricultural planning and development in the country. Demand: meaning, law of demand, demand schedule and demand curve, determinants, utility theory; law of diminishing marginal utility, equimarginal utility principle. Consumer's equilibrium and derivation of the demand curve, the concept of consumer surplus. Elasticity of demand: concept and measurement of price elasticity, income elasticity and cross elasticity. Production: process, creation of utility, factors of production, input-output relationship. 
• Supply: Stock v/s supply, law of supply, supply schedule, supply curve, determinants of supply, elasticity of supply. Concepts of rent, wage, interest and profit. National income: Meaning and importance, circular flow, concepts of national income accounting and approaches to measurement, difficulties in measurement. Population: Importance, Malthusian and Optimum population theories, natural and socio-economic determinants, current policies and programs on population control. Money: Barter system of exchange and its problems, evolution, meaning and functions of money, classification of money, money supply, general price index, inflation and deflation, public revenue and public expenditure. Tax: meaning, direct and indirect taxes, agricultural taxation, VAT. Economic systems: Concepts of the economy and its functions, important features of capitalistic, socialistic and mixed economies, and elements of economic planning.

B.sc Ag Second Semester Syllabus Of Organic Farming

(Principles of Organic Farming)

Theory 

• Organic farming, principles and its scope in India; Initiatives taken by Government (central/state), NGOs and other organizations for the promotion of organic agriculture. Organic nutrient resources and its fortification; Restrictions to nutrient use in organic farming; Choice of crops and varieties in organic farming; Fundamentals of insect, pest, disease and weed management under organic mode of production; Certification process and standards Of organic farming.

Practical 

• Visit organic farms to study the various components and their utilization; Preparation of enriched compost, vermicompost, Indigenous technology knowledge (ITK) for nutrient, insect, pest disease and weed management; Cost of the organic production system; Quality aspect, grading, packaging and handling.

B.sc Ag Second Semester Syllabus Of Plant Pathology

(Fundamentals of Plant Pathology)

Theory 

• Introduction: Importance of plant diseases, scope and objective of Plant Pathology. History of Plant Pathology with special reference to Indian work. Terms and concepts in Plant Pathology, Pathogenesis, diseases triangle and tetrahedron and classification of plant diseases, Important Plant pathogenic organism fungi, bacteria, fastidious vesicular bacteria, Phytoplasmas, Spiroplasmas, viruses, viroids, algae, protozoa, phanerogamic parasite and nematodes with example of diseases caused by them. Diseases due to abiotic causes. 
• Fungi: general character, definition of fungus, somatic structures, type of fungus thalli, fungal tissues, modifications of thallus, reproduction (Asexual and Sexual). Nomenclature, Binomial system of nomenclature, rules of nomenclature, classification of fungi, key to divisions, sub-divisions, orders and classes. Bacteria and mollicutes: general morphological characters, basic methods reproduction. Viruses: nature of properties, structure and transmission. Study of phanerogamic plant parasites. Epidemiology: Factors affecting disease development.

Practical 

• Acquaintance with various laboratory equipment and microscopy. Collection and preservation of disease specimens. Preparation of media, isolation and Koch’s postulates. General study of the different structures of fungi, the study of symptoms of various plant diseases. Study of representative fungal genera. Staining and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. Study of phanerogamic plant parasites. Identification of plant parasitic nematodes.

B.sc Ag Second Semester Syllabus Of Vegetable And Spices

(Production Technology for Vegetables and Spices Questions)

Theory 

• Importance of vegetables & spices in human nutrition and national economy, types of the vegetable gardening brief about origin, area, production improved varieties and cultivation practices such as time of sowing, transplanting techniques, planting distance, fertilizer requirements, irrigation, weed management, harvesting storage, physiological disorders, disease and seed production of important vegetable (potato, tomato, cauliflower, onion, okra, bottle guard and bitter guard) and spices i.e. condiments, Ginger, turmeric, coriander, cumin, fennel, black pepper, elaichi.

Practical 

• Identification of vegetables & spice crops and their seeds. Nursery raising. Direct seed sowing and transplanting. Study of morphological characters of different vegetables & spices. Fertilizer applications raising of the nursery of vegetable & spices, vegetable and spices seed extraction. Harvesting & preparation for market. Economics of vegetables and spices cultivation.

B.sc Ag Second Semester Syllabus Of Extension Education And Agriculture

(Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education Questions)

Theory 

• Education: Meaning, definition & Types; Extension Education- meaning, definition, scope and process; Objectives and principles of Extension Education; Extension Programme planning- Meaning, Process, Principles and Steps in Programme Development. Extension systems in India: extension efforts in the pre-independence era (Sriniketan, Marthandam, Firka Development Scheme, Gurgaon Experiment, etc.) and post-independence era (Etawah Pilot Project, Nilokheri Experiment, etc.); various extension/ agriculture development programs launched by ICAR/ Govt. of India (IADP, IAAP, HYVP, KVK, IVLP, ORP, ND, NATP, NAIP, etc.). New trends in agriculture extension: privatization extension, cyber extension/ e-extension, market-led extension, farmer-led extension, expert systems, etc.
• Rural Development: concept, meaning, definition; various rural development programs launched by Govt. of India. Community Dev.-meaning, definition, concept & principles, Philosophy of C.D. extension administration: meaning and concept, principles and functions. Monitoring and evaluation: concept and definition, transfer of technology: concept and models, capacity building of extension personnel; extension teaching methods: meaning, classification, individual, group and mass contact methods, ICT Applications in TOT.

Practical

• To get acquainted with the university extension system. Group discussion- exercise; handling and use of audiovisual equipment and digital camera and LCD projector; preparation and use of AV aids, preparation of extension literature – leaflet, booklet, folder, pamphlet news stories and success stories; Presentation skills exercise; micro-teaching exercise; A visit to the village to understand the problems being encountered by the villagers/ farmers; to study organization and functioning of DRDA and other development departments at district level; visit to NGO and learning from their experience in rural development; understanding PRA techniques and their application in village development planning; exposure to mass media: visit to community radio and television studio for understanding the process of program production; script writing, writing for print and electronic media, developing the script for radio and television.

B.sc Ag 2nd Sem Food Processing And Safety Syllabus

(Food Processing and Safety Issues Questions)

UNIT 1. 

• General: Definition of food, Constituents of foods: Water, Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein, Vitamins and Minerals with reference to milk, Detailed composition of milk and colostrum. 

UNIT 2. 

• Food Processing: Pasteurization, Sterilization, Bactofugation, Uperization, Stassanization, U.H.T. pasteurization and Homogenization of milk, Neutralization of milk, Cream, Cooling and chilling of milk. 

UNIT 3. 

• Manufacturing of common dairy products viz. Cream, Butter, Ghee, Dahi, Yoghart, Shrikhand & Ice-cream. 

UNIT 4. 

• Manufacturing of Khoa, Evaporated milk, condensed milk, WMP, SMP, Paneer, Cheese, Chhena, Cheddar cheese and Mozzarella cheese (Pizza cheese).

UNIT 5. 

• Food Safety: Definition, Importance, Scope, Hazards and Risks. Food safety management, HACCP, ISO Series, TQM-Concept and need for the quality component of TQM. Basic water tests.

Practical 

• Demonstration of Cream separation. 
• Preparation of indigenous dairy products viz. Dahi, Chhena, Khoa, Paneer, Cream, Ghee, shrikhand. 
• Water quality analysis. 
• Problem on neutralization of milk and cream. 
• Preparation of plants for implementation of HACCP and ISO series, 
• Problems on overrun. 
• Calculation of Ice cream mix.

B.sc Ag 2nd Semester Human Values And Ethics Syllabus

Theory 

• Values and Ethics-An Introduction. Goal and Mission of Life. Vision of Life. Principles and Philosophy. Self Exploration. Self Awareness. Self Satisfaction. Decision Making. Motivation. Sensitivity. Success. Selfless Service. Case Study of Ethical Lives. Positive Spirit. Body, Mind and Soul. Attachment and Detachment. Spirituality Quotient. Examination.

B.sc Ag 2nd Sem Syllabus Of Soil And Water Conservation Engineering

Theory 

• Introduction to Soil and Water Conservation, causes of soil erosion. Definition and agents of soil erosion, water erosion: Forms of water erosion. Gully classification and control measures. Soil loss estimation by universal Loss Soil Equation. Soil loss measurement techniques. Principles of erosion control: Introduction to contouring, strip cropping. Contour bund. Graded bund and bench terracing. Grassed waterways and their design. Water harvesting and its techniques. Wind erosion: mechanics of wind erosion, types of soil movement. Principles of wind erosion control and its control measures.

Practical 

• General status of soil conservation in India. Calculation of erosion index. Estimation of soil loss. Measurement of soil loss. Preparation of contour maps. Design of grassed waterways. Design of contour bunds. Design of graded bunds. Design of bench terracing system. Problem with wind erosion.

Syllabus Ref: HNBGU

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B.A LLB 9th Sem Principles Of Taxation Laws Imp Questions 2024

In this post, b.a LLB 9th sem principles of taxation laws imp questions are given for 2024. 

Write these questions in order in your notebook and write their answers. 

This will help you in creating a great notebook. 

In this set, many questions have been collected from previous year's principles of taxation law LLB question papers, and the question bank has also been made the basis of selection. 

Therefore take these questions seriously. 

You will get to know the pattern of questions for the upcoming exam. 

Many questions of LLB taxation law can also be asked in the exam question paper from the set given here. 

This does not mean that only these questions will be asked. 

These can be asked in other modes or twisted forms. 

You should also read the instructions given on the first page of the question paper in the examination hall carefully and try to write the answers following the guidelines. 

By following those guidelines, you will not only save your time but will also be able to spend time equally on all the questions. 

After receiving the Law of Taxation LLB question paper in the examination hall, it should be confirmed that it is error-free. 

For any errors, please contact Invigilator. 

The questions given below are sometimes asked in B.A 10th sem LLB principles of taxation laws, these may be different in different universities. 

Let us solve these questions.

Law Of Taxation Important Questions

B.A LLB 9th Semester Principles Of Taxation Laws Important Questions

• Explain the constitutional provisions relating to taxation.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Voluntary contribution (b) Compulsory contribution.
• Enumerate the various central sales tax authorities and explain the powers of these authorities.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Direct Tax (b) Purpose of fee (c) Balck Money (d) Tax Planning (e) Nature of Goods and Service Tax (f) Effects of Tax evasion (g) Nature of Tax (h) Cess.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Annual Value (b) Refund of Tax (c) Determination of turnover under C.S.T.
• When the Directorate of Inspection (Investigation) was set up?.
• Critically examine the power of levying tax on income.
• When the Internal Audit Scheme was introduced in the Income-tax department.
• Defining Goods and Service Tax, mention its scope.
• When the I.R.S (Direct Taxes) Staff College started functioning.
• Write the salient features of a good and effective tax system.
• Explain the CBDT and write its function.
• Write a note with examples of tax evasion in India.
• Who is known as the father of tax reforms in India?.
• Write a critical note on the distribution of Tax revenues. 
• What is capital gain? Explain capital assets and their transfers.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Residuary power of Taxation (b) Tax avoidance.
• Explain the Income Tax Authorities under the Income Tax Act.
• Define and distinguish tax and fee. 
• Explain the various types of duties imposed under the Excise Act and state the exemption if any.
• Write a detailed note on inter-governmental tax immunities in India.
• Explain the concept of Income and Mention any ten incomes that are exempted from tax liability.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Object of Taxation (b) Concept of Tax (c) Net Wealth (d) Best Judgement Assessment (e) Diversion of Income.
• Narrate the significance of the 101st Amendment of the Constitution of India.
• What do you understand by Indirect Tax? Distinguish between Indirect Tax and Direct Tax. 
• What are the kinds of Capital Gains? What are the deductions available for each kind of Capital Gain?
• What is meant by Tax Evasion? Distinguish between Tax Evasion and Tax Avoidance.
• Give an account of the “Prohibited Goods” and “Dutiable Goods” under the Customs Act, 1962.
• What is ‘Black money’? How this can be controlled and eradicated? Write a critical note on the problem of black money in India.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Relation between the Finance Act and the Income Tax Act (b) Written down value (c) Previous year (d) Income from Salary (e) Residential Status of Individual (f) Assessee (g) Work Contract (j) Casual Trader.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Depreciation (b) Income from House Property (c) Allowances (d) Assessment Year.
• State the Tax ceiling limit of a Senior Citizen and a Super Senior Citizen.

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B.A. LLB 9th Sem Ethics And Accounting Imp Questions 2024

In this post, b.a. llb 9th sem ethics and accounting imp questions are given for 2024. 

By writing their answers you can make excellent notes, which will also be helpful in exam preparation. 

Therefore, take these questions seriously and write correct answers. 

Many important questions of this set of LLB 9th sem accounting and ethics systems important questions have been prepared based on previous exam question papers and question banks. 

Some of these questions are those that have been asked repeatedly in the examination and are important for the upcoming examination. 

Use your university textbook to answer these questions. 

To write the best answers to these questions, read the relevant lesson 2 to 3 times and clear your concepts. 

With this, you will be able to write their answers in your own words. 

You will be able to remember the answers written through this process easily and will remain in your mind for a long time. 

Questions in 9th sem professional ethics and accounting system llb question papers of many universities may be different from these questions, this may be due to their different syllabus. 

In that situation, this set can be used as a practice set. 

Many students skip the instructions given for writing answers in the question paper in the examination hall and start writing the answers directly. 

They feel that this saved their time. 

But many of the answers they write are longer than necessary, whereas they have to be written in fewer words. 

Therefore, when you get B.A 9th sem LLB question paper on professional ethics and a question paper on professional accounting in the examination hall, check them once to see whether they are error-free or not. 

After that, start writing the answers only after reading the necessary instructions. 

Let's start writing the answers to these questions.

Professional Ethics and Professional Accounting System LLB

B.A LLB 9th Sem Professional Ethics & Professional Accounting Systems Important Questions

• Write an essay on the history a development of the legal profession in India.
• An advocate often attends the parties by wearing the robes of the advocate. Advise him. 
• What do you understand by professional ethics? Discuss its nature, object, and need.
• Discuss the importance of the relationship between the Bar and the Bench.
• What is the status and virtues of an advocate?
• What do you mean by State Bar Council? Explain its organization, power, and functions. 
• Explain the negligence of an advocate in conducting the case with special reference to the opinion of the disciplinary committee of the Bar Council of India.
• What are the qualities of a successful and able advocate?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Other misconducts (b) Disqualifications for enrolment of an Advocate (c) What do you mean by Etiquette (d) Meaning of Professional Ethics. 
• An advocate intends to do part-time jobs in his free time. Advise him.
• What are the powers of the disciplinary committee relating to the inquiry made against an advocate for professional misconduct? Discuss.
• Discuss the facts of the case Smt. Urmila Devi V. Sitaram Singh.
• What are the objects and features of the Contempt of Court Act? Can a judge commit contempt of court?.
• What are the reasons and objects of passing the Advocate Act 1961?.
• Write short notes on "Senior Advocate".
• Discuss the kinds of contempt of court. What remedies are available for punishment in civil contempt? Explain.
• What acts are prohibited for Advocates under its law? Discuss.
• Explain the equipment of a Lawyer. 
• What do you mean by the Bar-Bench relationship? The bar and bench play an important role in the administration of justice. Discuss.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Practice Of Law (b) Duty Towards Colleagues (c) Misconduct (d) Disqualification. 
• Who is an Advocate? What are the qualifications required to be enrolled as an Advocate?.
• Enumerates the defenses available in civil contempt.
• What do you mean by 'Criminal Contempt of Court"? What are the defenses open to a contemner in criminal contempt?.
• State constitutional validity of contempt of Courts Act 1971 and remedies available in contempt of Court Act 1971 against the punishments. 
• Discuss the body or authority empowered to punish for professional or other misconduct.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Trial Balance (b) Ledger.
• Discuss the facts of the case and principles of law laid down in Re An Advocate.
• What are the uses of maintaining an account book by an Advocate?.
• A Client wants to change his advocate. Advocate refuses to hand over the documents without any reason. Advise that client.
• Explain the regulation governing enrolment and practice. 
• Discuss the facts and principles of law laid down in the case of Supreme Court Bar Association vs Union of India.
• Discuss the nature and functions of accounting.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Seven Lamps of Advocacy (b) Double entry (c) Journal entry.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Duties of an advocate (b) Differentiate between legal and ordinary business (c) Bar Council.
• Discuss the background of the legal profession in India.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Advocacy is not a craft but a calling (b) Right to practice is not a privilege but a right (c) Right of lien of an advocate.
• Write short notes on the "Training grounds for the young lawyers".
• An advocate misappropriates the money of a client. Advise that client in the light of the opinion of the Disciplinary Committee Of the Bar Council of India.

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B.A LLB Ninth Sem Conflict Of Laws Important Questions 2024

In this post, b.a llb ninth sem conflict of laws important questions are given for 2024. 

Many of these questions have been included many times in the question paper of the previous examination. 

There is also a possibility of these being asked in the upcoming examination. 

But let us make one thing clear here the same questions don't need to be asked, they can also be asked in a twisted manner. 

It has been observed that the meaning of the questions remains the same, but the questions are asked differently. 

Therefore, all the questions of B.A LLB 9th semester conflict of laws questions paper is important, so do not skip even a single question. 

Write down these questions in sequence in your law copy and read this lesson carefully 2 to 3 times in your textbook. 

After that try to write your answers. 

Write the answers in your own words, so you can remember them easily. 

Let us inform you that in compiling all the questions of B.A LLB conflict of laws important questions given here, question bank and previous law question paper has been made the basis. 

An attempt has been made here to include those questions which have been asked many times. 

When you get the question papers in the examination hall, take some time to check them first. 

If there is any kind of error, contact the invigilator and request to provide another question paper. 

The second important thing is that on the first page of the question paper, some instructions are given for writing the answers, like in how many words the answer has to be written and from which units how many questions have to be answered. 

Therefore, first of all, take some time to read these instructions and write the answers accordingly. 

In the questions given below in B.A llb important questions of conflict of laws, the questions whose answers are to be written in short, write them in 200 words and the questions whose answers are to be written in long, write them in 500 words. 

You will find more such conflict of laws exam question papers available online on the internet, you can download them and use them. 

Let us solve these questions.

Conflict Of Laws Practice Questions

B.A LLB 9th Semester Important Questions Of Conflict Of Laws

• What is meant by civil death?
• What are the essential features of a void marriage?.
• What do you mean by Private international law?.
• What are remedies available to parties for breach of contract?.
• Who is an appointed guardian?.
• What is the law of a country?.
• What is Lex situs?
• What is Muta Marriage?. Explain it.
• What is action in personam? Give examples.
• Explain- what is adoption?.
• What is Status?.
• Who is considered as Testamentary Guardians?.
• What is Zihar under Muslim personal law?.
• State the theories of characterization.
• What are matrimonial causes?.
• What do you mean by domicile of dependency?.
• What is a foreign judgment?.
• How to classify the foreign element cases for choice of law?.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Rome Convention (b) Foreign court theory (c) Proper law of contract (d) Legal Effects of Divorce (e) Assignment of Intangibles (f) Restitution of conjugal rights.
• Discuss the validity of contracts bringing out the formal and essential validity.
• Discuss the traditional theories relating to the fort under the conflict of laws. 
• What is Action in Personam? Give Examples. 
• Explain the history nature and meaning of conflict of laws.
• State the different kinds of divorce under Muslim Law?.
• What do you understand by Domicile? Explain the various kinds of Domicile.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Recognition of foreign judgment (b) Capacity to marriage.
• Explain the classification of the foreign element cases for choice of law.
• Write short notes on the following:- (a) Kinds of Jurisdiction (b) Capacity of contract (c) Adoption by Foreign Parents.
• Discuss custody of a minor child.
• What do you mean by Khula?

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