B.sc Ag 6th Sem Farming System And Sustainable Agriculture Imp Questions 2024

In this post b.sc ag 6th sem farming system and sustainable agriculture important questions are given for 2024. 

You can make notes for yourself by writing the answers to these questions in simple words. 

Which will be useful for the examination. Questions are repeated many times. 

Many of the questions in this b.sc ag 6th sem farming system precision farming & sustainable agriculture important questions were being asked repeatedly in the previous exam. 

Therefore their adjustment has been made here. 

You should write these questions in sequence in your agriculture notebook, after that read the related chapter of the textbook 2 to 3 times. 

Clear your concept on this topic. 

Write the answers to the questions given in this b.sc 6th sem farming system and sustainable agriculture question paper as per the guidelines. 

This will save you time. 

Write a short answer in 200 to 300 words and a long answer in a maximum of 500 words. 

Follow the instructions given on the question paper even in the examination hall. 

You can get more practice sets like this by searching Google, you have to write b.sc 6th sem farming system precision and sustainable agriculture pdf in the search box. 

Many sets will come in front of you. 

By using them, you will not only increase your knowledge but will also practice well for the exam. 

By studying this subject, you will open many doors of employment for yourself. 

Today there is a great need for specialist people in agriculture. 

Today's era is the era of science and much research is being done in this field. 

Therefore, you may be needed in the agriculture sector in the coming times. 

Let's solve b.sc 6th sem farming system precision and sustainable agriculture important questions.

Farming System Precision Farming & Sustainable Agriculture Questions

B.sc Agriculture 6th Semester Farming System And Sustainable Agriculture Important Questions 2024

• Describe the problems of sustainable agriculture.
• Explain the method of cultivation of sugarcane.
• Differentiate between LEIA and LEISA techniques.
• What is the importance of Traditional farming?
• Discuss the types of farming systems. State the importance of the farming system.
• Describe the effect of soil acidity on plants.
• Explain the advantages of various allied enterprises of farming systems. Briefly explain the efficient cropping system of India.
• Explain the 'Failure of Modern Agriculture'.
• Give the ill effects of the Green Revolution in the Indian context. How sustainable agriculture plays a vital role in this direction.
• Write short notes on the following- (a) Slash and burn agriculture (b) Rotational intensity (c) I.I.F.S.R (d) B-C ratio (e) crop cafeteria.
• Write short notes on the following- (a) Sustainability Index or Sustainable Yield Index (b) Net Income (c) Green revolution fatigue.
• Enumerate the agronomic practices for controlling soil erosion.
• Write short notes on the following- (a) Alley cropping (b) Shifting cultivation.
• Write the importance of Green Manure. 
• Enlist the agro-climatic zones in India as per the planning commission.
• What do you mean by the conservation of natural resources? Why is it necessary?
• Differentiate between collective and cooperative farming. Briefly explain the different types of cooperative farming.
• Describe grazing system and their types and also write down their effect on grazing.
• Define Cropping pattern. How does it differ from the cropping system? Also, explain the principles for making the ideal cropping scheme.
• Define HEIA. Give the problems and remedial technologies of High External Input Agriculture.
• Define the Integrated farming system and write its importance in Indian agriculture at the present time.
• Define the farming system model. Explain at least one farming system model for Wet Land, Dry Land, and Western U.P.
• What are the possibility of the second green revolution in India?
• What do you mean by conservation of Natural Resources?. Why it is necessary? Explain some remedial measures of resource conservation.
• What is Alley cropping? Give merits and demerits of it, in present agriculture.
• Give the full form of the following BGA, LEISA, IIFSR, INM, FSRDA, OF, SRI, MT, SI, FSSA, ARISR, PDFSR, FRI, IFS, LER, REY.
• What is conservation agriculture? How does it differ from organic agriculture? Briefly explain the main principles and methods of conservation agriculture.

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Bsc 3rd Year Physics Syllabus 2023-24 Session

In this post, B.Sc third year physics syllabus is being given for 2023-24. 

You can use this syllabus to know the topics taught in 3rd year. 

Many times the university delays releasing its updated syllabus. 

Students are not able to utilize that time properly. 

Therefore this syllabus has been published here as a common syllabus. 

Those students who have recently appeared in B.Sc. third year and have not been able to get the syllabus from their college can use it to get information about the topics. 

The facility for 3rd year physics syllabus pdf download is also provided in this post. 

You can use them also. 

The main objective of providing a b.sc physics syllabus pdf was to benefit those students who study offline and use the internet a lot. 

Here an attempt has been made to cover all those topics in the syllabus, which are similar in almost all universities. 

Although all universities have their own BSc 3rd year Physics Syllabus there may be disparity among them. 

But still, some topics are similar in them and you students can make advance preparation for those topics in your free time. 

For this, you can also take the help of an advanced physics book.

B.sc Final Year Physics Syllabus

B.sc 3rd Year Physics 1st Paper Syllabus 2023-24

Paper-1.Quantum Mechanics And Spectroscopy

Unit-1:.Quantum Mechanics-1

• Particles and Waves: Photoelectric Effect, Black Body Radiation, Planck's Radiation Law, Stefan Boltzmann's Law, Wien's Displacement Law, Rayleigh-Jeans Law, Crampton Effect, De-Broglie Hypothesis, Wave-particle Duality, Davies Germer Experiment, Waves Concept of the packet, wave and group velocity, the double-slit experiment of the electron, probability, wave amplitude and wave function, Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and examples, Schrödinger equation, and its basic concepts. Eigenvalue, Probability-based interpretation of wave function, Continuity equation, Probability current density, Marginal conditions on the wave function. Normalization of the wave function.

Unit-2 Quantum Mechanics-2

• Time-dependent Schrödinger equation: one-dimensional potential wells and ramparts, marginal conditions, bounded and bound states, reflection and transit coefficients from rectangular ramps (I-D). Interpretation of alpha-decay, the quantum phenomenon of tunneling. Free radicals in a one-dimensional box, Eigen function, and Eigenvalue for free radicals. One dimensional simple harmonic device, its eigenvalues ​​from the Hermite differential equation, Eigen function of the fundamental state, particles in spherical symmetric potential, rigid rotors. Particles in three-dimensional cells, angular momentum, properties of poly spin matrices.

Unit-3 Atomic Spectroscopy

• Atoms in Electric and Magnetic Fields - Quantum Numbers, Bohr Model and Laws of Selection, Stern-Girlak Experiment, Rotation - Fundamental Quantum Numbers. Inconsistency with the classical theory of rotation. Orbital Angular Momentum, Fine Structure Total Angular Momentum, Pauli's Exclusion Principle. Polymerization-symmetry and asymmetric wave functions in a one-dimensional box, atomic shell model. Spectral notation for the atomic state, spin-orbit coupling, L-S, and J-J coupling, Zeeman effect. Continuous and characteristic X-ray spectra, Moseley's law.

Unit-4 Molecular Spectroscopy

• Different types of spectra, spin spectra, the intensity of spectral lines and bounded distance of diatomic molecule, isotopic effect/vibration energy of the diatomic molecule, zero point energy, non-harmonicity. Morse potential, Raman effect. Stoke and counter stoke lines and their intensity, electronic spectrum. Barn Oppenheimer approximation, Frank Kardon theory, Single and triple states, Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Introduction to Laser Raman Spectroscopy, 'Early Concepts and Applications of NMR and EPR'.

Unit-5 Nuclear Physics and Elementary Particles

• Fundamental Properties of Nuclei: Reaction of Neutron and Charged Particles with Matter, Nuclear Detector – Ionization Cell, Geiger Muller Scorer, Proportional Scorer, Sputtering Calculator, Abdomen, Fundamental Properties of Nuclei, Shape, Mass, Charge, and Shape of Nucleus, Stability of Nuclei and binding energy, velocity and energy of alpha-particles, Geiger Nuttall law, nature of the beta-ray spectrum, neutrinos and their physics, energy levels and decay patterns, positron emission and electron capture, the law of selection, beta absorption and Range of beta particle, Curie diagram, Nuclear reactions, Pair production, Q-value and threshold of nuclear reaction, Cross-section of nuclear reaction, Examples, and characteristics of different types of reactions, Compound nucleus, Bohr design of compound nuclear reaction, Semi-proportional formula, Liquid drop model, Shell model, Nuclear fission and fusion. Classification of fundamental particles and their interactions, the Law of conservation, the Quad structure of hadron, and the Elementary concept of integration of forces.

B.sc 3rd Year Physics 2nd Paper Syllabus 2023-24

Paper-2 Solid State Physics & Electronic Devices

Unit-1 Solid State Physics-1

• Crystalline, Structure, and Bonding: Crystalline and Amorphous Solids, Transfer Symmetry, Lattice and Base, Unit Cell, Inverse Lattice, Fundamental Types of Lattices (Brevais Lattice), Miller Index, Lattice Plane. Simple cuboidal, face-centered cuboid, internally centered cuboidal lattices. Lowe and Bragg's equation, Determination of crystal structure from X-rays, X-ray spectrometer. Ionic, covalent, metallic Vanderwaal, and hydrogen bonds. Band theory, periodic potential, and Bloch's theorem for solids. Kroning-Penny model (qualitative analysis).

Unit-2 Solid State Physics-2

• Dulong-Petit, Einstein, and Debye's theory of specific heat, antistatic and atomic force constants. Dynamic equations of an atomic and diatomic link, optical and acoustic modes, electrical resistivity, the specific heat of an electron, Wiedemann-Franz law. Hall effect, the response of matter to a magnetic field. Per, Anu and Ferromagnetic substances. The classical theory of anti and magnetic domains. Curie's law, ferromagnetism, and Weiss's principle for ferromagnetic domains. Discussion of B-H stasis. Superconductivity, Messner effect, Josephson-Treaty effect, High-temperature superconductivity.

Unit-3 Semiconductor Devices-1

• Formation of energy bands, Energy level diagram, Types of semiconductors (p and n), Conductivity and mobility, Formation of the junction, p-n junction, Formation of resistor potential in diode, Current flow (reconnection) in forward and reverse biased diodes, Follow velocity and saturation of the trailing velocity, derivation of a mathematical equation of barrier potential, barrier width, single p-n junction. Diode (Physical Discussion), Current-Potential Characteristics (One or Two Applications), Bi-terminal Device, Rectifier, Zener Diode, Photo Diode, Light Emitting Diode, Solar Cell, Tri-Terminal Device, Joint Field Effect Transistor (JFET), Double junction devices, p-n-p and n-p-n transistors, the physical process of flow of current, characteristic curves of transistors.

Unit-4 Semiconductor Devices-2

• Amplifier (dipole junction transistor] CB, CE and CC mode, Single stage (phase) CE amplifier (inductive and stabilizing circuit), Q point equivalent circuit, input and output impedance, potential and current gain. Class A, B, and C Amplifier (Definition), RC Coupled Amplifier (Frequency Response Curve), Class-B Push-Pull Amplifier, Re-Input Amplifier, Potential and Current, Re-Input, Negative Potential on Input Impedance, Series Feedback, Output Impedance, and Gain. Stability, Distortion and Noise, Theory of Oscillators and Bark-Hausen's Constraint, Colpitts oscillator, RC Phase Displacement Oscillators, Amplitude, Frequency, and Phase Fundamentals of Modulation and Detectors. Digital Electronics: Boolean Identities, De Morgan's Law, Logic Gates, Truth Tables, Simple Logic Circuits, Thermistors, Solar Cells, Microprocessor Retention, and Digital Calculators.

Unit-5 Nano Materials

• Nanostructures: Introduction, structure, size-dependent properties of nanotechnology. 3D, 2D, ID, 0D Nanostructure Density of materials and their states, Surface and interface effects, Modeling the quantum size effect, Synthesis of nanoparticles-bottom up and top-down methods, Wet Chemical method, nanolithography (nano printing), nanomaterials of metals and semiconductors (qualitative description), bulk and differences in structure and properties of nanomaterials (qualitative description), nanocrystals naturally occurring in nature. Applications of nanomaterials.

By using the link given here, you can download the b.sc third year physics syllabus pdf 2023-24 for free.

This syllabus can be used for information about the topic. 

If your university has released the updated syllabus then get it from their official website.

B.sc 3rd Year Physics Syllabus PDF Download

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B.sc 3rd Year Zoology Syllabus 2023-2024 Session

In this post, the b.sc 3rd year zoology syllabus is being given for the 2023-2024 session.

All topics have been covered in this syllabus. 

Using these you can start studying Zoology subject in advance.

Many times there is a delay in issuing the updated or new syllabus to the university. 

By making good use of that time, your students can start their studies in advance on related topics. 

This syllabus has been made available here as a common syllabus. 

So that the students who have just entered the third year can get information about the topics taught throughout the year. 

By taking this BSC final year zoology syllabus as your basis, you can also prepare excellent notes for yourself. 

Unit-wise topics have been covered in this syllabus. 

Also, the topics of paper 1, paper 2, and paper 3 of b.sc 3rd year syllabus zoology have been covered in detail. 

This syllabus covers the topics taught in the practical paper. 

All the topics of theory and practical paper are given in the b.sc 3rd-year zoology syllabus pdf attached. 

You can also take advantage of this. 

If your university has released a new syllabus, then follow it and prepare for the upcoming examination. 

Well, the topics studied in the university syllabus are almost the same. 

If there is a lot of change in your syllabus from this syllabus then you can also use these topics for knowledge enhancement.

Zoology B.sc 3rd Year Syllabus

B.sc 3rd Year Zoology 1st Paper Syllabus 2023-24

Paper-1 Applied and Economic Zoology

Unit-1

• Parasitology - (a) Structure, life cycle, pathogenicity, including disease, causes, symptoms and control The following parasites of domestic animals and humans: Trypanosoma, Giardia, and Wuchereria

Unit-2

• Carriers and pests: life cycle and their control of the following pests: worm bugs, sugarcane leafhoppers, rodents, termites, mosquitoes, and their control

Unit-3

• Animal breeding and culture: aquaculture, fish farming, poultry, sericulture, beekeeping, lac-culture

Unit-4

• Wildlife of India: Endangered Species, Important Sanctuaries; National Parks of India; Projects taken up for conservation of different animal species; In-situ and ex-situ conservation wildlife

B.sc 3rd Year Zoology 2nd Paper Syllabus 2023-24

Paper 2 (Biotechnology, Immunology, Biological Tools and Techniques, and Biostatistics)

Unit-1

• Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (concept and recombinant DNA technology) and its applications in agricultural and medical fields and energy production. Biotechnology of food processing, pharmaceuticals (such as the use of microbes in insulin production), and fermentation

Unit-2

• Immunology: Concept of immunity, types of immunity, antigens, and antibodies, vaccines, various diseases, and immunological responses

Unit-3

• Biological Equipment and Techniques: Principles and Uses of Equipment: pH Meter, Calorimeter, Microtome, Spectrophotometer and Centrifuge, Microscopy (Light, Transmission, and Scanning Electron Microscopy) Chromatography and Electrophoresis

Unit-4

• Biostatistics: sampling, measures of central tendency (mean, mean, and mode) and dispersion (variance, standard deviation, and standard error); correlation and regression

B.sc 3rd Year Zoology 3rd Paper Syllabus 2023-24

Paper-3 (Ecology, Microbiology Animal Behavior, and Pollution and Toxicology)

Unit-1

• Ecology: Ecosystem: Concept, components, fundamental operation, energy flow, food chain, food webs and trophic levels, ecological niche, abiotic and biotic factors. Population: characteristics and regulation. ecological succession. Adaptations: Aquatic, Terrestrial, Aerial, and Plantation

Unit-2

• Microbiology: Morphology, physiology, and infection (profiling) of bacteria and viruses. bacterial and viral disease

Unit-3

• Animal Behavior: Introduction to Ethics, Patterns of Behavior (Taxes, Reflexes, Instincts, and Motivations); biorhythms; Learning and memory, migration of fish and birds

Unit-4

• Pollution and Toxicology: Concept, Sources, Types (Air, Water, Soil, Noise, and Radiation), and Control Environmental Pollution, Exposure to Toxic Substances (Pathways of Exposure, and Duration and Frequency of Exposure); Dose-response relationship categories of toxic effects

B.Sc. Part III ZOOLOGY PRACTICAL SYLLABUS 2023-24

• Permanent Preparation of Euglena, Paramecium and rectal protozoans from frog.  
• Stool examination for different intestinal parasites.  
• Study of prepared slides/ specimens of Entamoeba, Giardia, Leishmania, Trypanosoma, Plasmodium, Fasciola, Cotugnia, Taenia, Rallietina, Polystoma  Paramphistomum, Schistosoma, Echinococcus, Dipylidium, Enterobius, Ascaris and Ancylostoma; 
• Permanent Preparation of Cimex (bed bug)/ Pediculus (Louse), Haematopinus (cattle louse), freshwater annelids, arthropods; and soil arthropods.
• Larval stages of helminths and arthropods.
• Permanent mount of wings, mouthparts and developmental stages of mosquito and house fly. Permanent preparation of ticks/ mites, abdominal gills of aquatic insects viz. Chironomus larva, dragonfly and mayfly nymphs, preparation of antenna of housefly.
• Collection and identification of pests. 
• Life history of silkworm, honeybee and lac insect. 
• Different types of important edible fishes of India.
• Prepared slides of plant nematodes. 
• Demonstration of counting of cells (blood and protozoan) by hemocytometer, haemoglobinometer, pH meter, and Colorimeter  • Microbiological Techniques: Media Preparation and Sterilization, inoculation and Monitoring.
• Study of an aquatic ecosystem, its biotic components and food chain. 
• Preparation of chromosomes, Test for carbohydrates Photochemical demonstration of proteins and lipids, using hand sections using hand sections, endocrine glands (Neurosecretory cells) of cockroach.
• Demonstration of developmental stages of chick.
• Project Report/ model chart making. 
• Dissections :
• Cockroach: Central nervous system
• Wallago: Afferent and efferent branchial vessels, Cranial nerves, Weberian ossicles.
• Practical exercises based on Biostatistics, Microbiology, Immunology, Biotechnology, Animal Behavior, Pollution and toxicology.

Here Bsc final year zoology syllabus pdf 2023-24 is being provided for those students who are rarely online. 

Many students even today study offline and use textbooks. 

Some children continue their studies even while living in remote areas. 

They spend very little time on the Internet. 

The reason for releasing PDF papers on this subject is that by downloading them, students can take advantage of them even offline.

B.sc 3rd Year Zoology Syllabus PDF Download 2023-24

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Bsc 2nd Year Physical Chemistry Imp Questions 2024

In this post physical chemistry Bsc 2nd year important questions are being given for 2024. 

Many of these questions have been asked in the examination question paper many times in the past and are also important for the upcoming examination. 

Therefore, do not ignore these questions and take them seriously. 

Do not assume that only these questions will appear in the exam, they can also be tweaked and included in the question paper. 

Therefore, write correct answers to all these questions. 

For this, you will have to use the textbook issued by the university. 

If you do not find the answers to any of these questions in the textbook, then you can use the advanced book on this subject for your answers. 

The second important thing is that you write the answers to these questions using your own words. 

With this, you will remember them easily and will remain in your mind for a long time. 

BSC Physical Chemistry past papers have been used for the selection of these questions. 

Those questions have also been included in this Chemistry Question Set, which has been asked repeatedly in the previous years. 

In this post, physical chemistry questions and answers are given in pdf and they are included in physical chemistry notes pdf. 

You can also use these notes for revision before the exam, which will save you time. 

After getting the question paper in the examination hall, first of all, read the instructions given on the first page. 

By following them you will be able to give equal time to all the questions.

B.sc Second Year Physical Chemistry Important Questions 2024

B.sc Second Year Physical Chemistry Paper 1 Important Questions

• What do you understand by the solubility coefficient?
• Write the difference between strong and weak electrolytes.
• Explain the Debye-Huckel concept for strong electrolytes. 
• What is Transport No? How to Transport No determined.
• Explain specific, equivalent, and molecular conductivity. what is the effect of dilution on this conductivity?
• Explain in detail the effect of dilution on the specific and equivalent conductivity of weak and strong electrolytes?
• Discuss the electrolytic theory of Arrhenius?
• Define cell constant, how it is determined?
• Explain how the cell constant and specific conductivity are determined?
• Describe Ostwald's dilution law.
• Describing Ostwald's law of dilution, state its use in comparison to the strength of the acid.
• Describe Kohlrausch Law and its application. With its help how will we find the value of equivalent conductivity at infinite dilution for a weak electrolyte?
• How is Transport No determined by the moving boundary method?

B.sc Second Year Physical Chemistry Paper 2nd Important Questions

• State and explain the first law of thermodynamics. Write also the importance of this law. 
• Prove that the Joule-Thomson coefficient for an ideal gas is zero.
• Describe types of systems with suitable examples.
• Describe the enthalpy of neutralization with suitable examples. 
• State and explain the system and surroundings.
• State and explain Hess's Law with suitable examples.
• State and explain adsorption and absorption. Write also the difference between Adsorption and Absorption.
• State and explain Le-Chatelier's principle.
• State and explain the heat of the reaction at constant pressure and at constant volume.
• State and explain Bond Dissociation energy with suitable examples. 
• Derive an expression for work for the expansion of an ideal gas under isothermal conditions.
• State and explain one g mol of gas. 

B.sc Second Year Physical Chemistry Paper 3rd Important Questions

• Write the full name of PAN and PVC.
• What is the difference between adsorption and absorption?
• Write the mathematical expression for the Gibbs phase rule.
• What is Rault's law for the ideal solution?
• What is liquid-junction potential?
• What is an adiabatic process?
• What is the difference between state and path functions?
• What is the amount of heat released when 1 gm equivalent NaOH is completely neutralized by 1 gm equivalent of HCI?
• What is the unit of entropy?
• Explain the following terms:- (a) Extensive and intensive properties (b) State and path function
• What is the Cyclic Process?
• What is the value of internal pressure for an ideal gas?
• What is the entropy value for the CO molecule at absolute zero temperature?
• Write examples of Thermosetting polymers. 
• Define the degree of freedom for a system.

Bsc 2nd Year Physical Chemistry Model Questions 2024

• Write notes on - Claisen-Schmidt condensation, benzoin condensation
• What are carbohydrates? How are they classified? Establish the open chain structure of fructose
• Discuss carbonium ion rearrangement with the example of pinacolone.
• Explain the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in toluene and benzene with electrophoresis of nitration and chlorination
• What are amino acids? Give the formula and name of any two amino acids?
• What is the second law of thermodynamics? Explain the Carnot cycle and Carnot's theorem?
• How does potential develop in a cell?
• What is a reversible and irreversible cell?
• What is the difference between primary and secondary cells?
• Comment on - (a) liquid junction potential (b) emf of a cell (c) entropy change in an ideal gas
• Describe Thomson's method for determining the specific charge of an electron (e/m)?
• What is Werner's theory of coordination compound?
• How is the EAN rule determined?
• Write the method and properties of preparation of the following - (a) hydrazine (b) hydroxylamine
• Comment on the following: (a) Nuclear binding energy (b) Mass defect (c) Group displacement law
• Explain the following - (a) nuclear fission and fusion (b) radiocarbon dating
• Explain the following terms - (a) electrophoresis (b) emulsion and gels (c) zeta potential
• Define the following - Molar conductance, Specific conductance, Equivalent conductance
• State and explain the necessary conditions for a compound to exhibit optical isomerism.
• Discuss the optical isomerism exhibited by tartaric acid.
• Write a short note on Strecker's synthesis of amino acids for the preparation of amino acids by the general method
• Write comments on (A) the Elementary idea of ​​RNA and DNA (B) the Sandmeyer reaction (C) the Reimer-Tiemann reaction
• How is benzene diazonium chloride prepared? How does it show substitution reaction with (a) CuCl (b) K1 (c) CuCN

Here physical chemistry questions are being given in pdf. 

By downloading it, you can see the pattern of questions even offline. 

This question paper has been designed considering the question paper of the previous examination. 

You can also use it as a practice question paper. 

It is also useful for those students who study mostly offline.

B.sc Second Year Physical Chemistry Question Paper PDF Download

Another important point is that many students had demanded notes on this subject. 

For that, a b.sc physical chemistry notes pdf has been prepared based on the important questions of this subject. 

By downloading these notes you can continue your studies offline also. 

An effort has been made to include answers to as many questions as possible.

Bsc 2nd Year Physical Chemistry Notes PDF Download

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Bsc 1st Year Inorganic Chemistry Syllabus 2023-24

In this post inorganic chemistry, BSc 1st year syllabus is given for 2023 -2024. 

Use this syllabus as a common syllabus. 

This syllabus is being given to support those students who have just been admitted in the first year.

Sometimes universities provide updated syllabi to students late or they are delayed in doing so. 

During that time students are not able to understand which topics they have to study in the first year.

Therefore, they can use this advanced inorganic chemistry syllabus as a guide and make good notes for themselves on this topic. 

Inorganic chemistry is a major subject in the BSC 1st year chemistry syllabus, which is necessary. 

First of all, write this content of the syllabus of inorganic chemistry on the first page of your notebook, after that continue your studies according to the topic. 

With this, you will not miss any topic. 

If your university has also released an inorganic chemistry BSc 1st year syllabus, then follow the same and prepare for your upcoming exam. 

Generally, many topics are common in the syllabus of all universities, so even if you make notes using this syllabus, they will help you in studying for any one year.

Now let's start.

Syllabus Of Inorganic Chemistry

Inorganic Chemistry Syllabus For Bsc 1st Year

Paper - (Inorganic Chemistry)

GROUP-A: FOUNDATION

• Atomic Structure - (a) Features of H-spectra and Bohr's interpretation of H-spectra and limitation, refinement of Bohr theory. Bohr-Sommerfeld theory. (b) Shapes of orbitals and their labelings, the idea of quantum numbers, Pauli's exclusion principle, Hund’s rules, the Aufbau principle, Electronic configuration of elements.
• Bonding Models in Inorganic Chemistry - (a) ionic bond: Energetics involved in ionic bond formation. Born Haber cycle, Radius ratio rule, different types of the crystal lattice, Fajan's rule, I.P. Inert pair effect. (b) Covalent Bond: Exceptions to the octet rule, the idea of orbital overlap, hybridization of orbitals (c) Van der Waal's forces, H-bonding.
• (a) Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds: Acquaintance with IUPAC use of multiplying affixes, enclosing marks, numbers, and letters. Names for ions and radicals, isopoly and heteropoly anions. (b) Acid-Base Chemistry: Bronsted-Lowry definition, solvent system definition, Lowers concept, aqua acids, periodic trends in aqua acid strength, HSAB concept.
• Periodicity: Pauli's exclusion principle and the periodic table. Fundamental trends of atomic/ionic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, hardness and softness, first and second-row anomalies, Idea of ct-orbital participation by non-metals and its influence on their reactivity. Periodic anomalies of non-metals and post-transition metals.

GROUP-B SYSTEMATIC CHEMISTRY OF THE ELEMENTS

• Hydrogen and hydrides: Position in P.T., isotopes of hydrogen, ortho, and para hydrogen. Hydrides: ionic, covalent, metallic, and intermediate. Hydrogen ion. H2Oz: preparation, properties, structure, and uses.
• Principles of Metallurgy: (a) Idea of Mohs’ scale of hardness of minerals, Holme's classification of metals into five groups, general methods of extraction their position in electrochemical series and extraction, Gibbs free energy. (b) Principles of various concentration methods: Calcination, roasting and smelting, Role of carbon and other reducing agents. Electrolytic reduction, hydrometallurgy, methods of refining and purification, electrolytic, chromatographic, ion exchange solvent extraction, oxidative refinings. Zone refining, Kroll's process, Van Arkel de Boer's method, and Mond's process.
• Chemistry of the following metals: (a) Li, Be, Ra (b) Sn, Pb.
• Chemistry of halogens with reference to extraction, oxidation states, and halides.

GROUP-C: MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS

• (a) Molecular Symmetry: An Introduction: Symmetry elements and symmetry operations, the center of symmetry, the axis of symmetry, and the plane of symmetry (definitions). (b) Elementary Magnetochemistry: Types of magnetic behaviors, paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and ferromagnetism, the dependence of paramagnetism on S &L.
• Principles involved in the volumetric estimations of Ag+ ion, Cu++ ion, and Ca++ ion.
• Principles involved in the gravimetric estimation of Cu++ ion, Ni++ ion, Mg++ ion, Ba++ ion, SO4-- ion.
• Isotopes: Detection and separation.Tracer technique and applications, radiocarbon dating.

In this post b.sc chemistry syllabus has been provided for you in pdf. 

This will prove helpful for those students who cannot spend much time on the internet or cannot afford the internet expenses financially. 

Those students can download it and use it offline.

B.sc 1st Year Inorganic Chemistry Syllabus In PDF Download

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Bsc 1st Year Maths Important Questions 2024

BSc 1st Year Maths Important Questions are given in this post for 2024. 

These questions have been compiled from many question papers. 

The questions which were being asked repeatedly in the examination have been included here on a priority basis. 

Math Question Bank has also been included in the compilation of questions. 

Take these questions seriously and prepare notes on them. 

It is not that the same questions will be asked in the upcoming examination. 

These can also be included in the question paper by twisting them. 

Apart from this, buy practice sets from the market and try to solve their maths also. 

In this post, BSc maths 1st year question papers are also given in PDF, so that you can understand the pattern of questions. 

Before solving these questions, remember their formula, so that you can solve them without any interruption. 

Now write these questions in the notebook in sequence, after that try to solve them on your own or with the help of the teacher. 

To solve these, you can also take the help of an advanced book. 

Even after that, if any kind of problem occurs, contact your professor and get it resolved. 

After receiving the question paper in the examination hall, it is necessary to follow the instructions given on its first page. 

They are there for your convenience. 

By following them you can divide time properly for all the questions.

Important Questions Of Maths For Bsc 1st Year

B.sc 1st Year Maths 1st Paper Important Questions

• Write and prove De Morgan's general law.
• State and prove the fundamental theorem of equivalence relation.
• What do you mean by a partial order relation and total order relation and well-ordered set, Give one example of each? 
• What will be the eccentricity of the equilateral hyperbola?
• Define the set and prove that the sphere is an incremental set (उन्नतोदर समुच्य).
• If a line makes equal angles with the axes, then what will be its direction cosines?
• What is each converging series of real numbers?
• Prove that an infinite union of denumerable sets is denumerable.
• Define a Lattice, a complete Lattice, and set an example of a Lattice that is not a complete Lattice. 
• Define an equivalence relation and equivalence classes of sets giving one example of each.
• If H1, and H2 are subgroups of a group G then show that H1 ∩ H2 is also a subgroup of G. 
• Prove that if group G has four elements then it must be abelian.
• Prove that the order of every element of a finite group is a divisor of the order of the group. 
• Define a group and show that the four fourth roots namely 1, –1, i, –i form a group with respect to multiplication.
• Prove that G = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} is a finite abelian group of order 6 with respect to addition modulo 6. 
• Solve the following system of linear equations by matrix method : x + y + z = 6, 2x + y – 3z = –5, 3x – 2y + z = 2 
• State and prove De-Moiver's theorem.

B.sc 1st Year Math 2nd Paper Important Question

• In differential, write the statement of Euler's theorem for two independent variables x and y, and also prove it.
• Find the formula for the radius of curvature, in cartesian form, at any point on a curve.
• Find the curved surface area of ​​a cone whose radius of the base is r units and height is h units.
• Prove that in x and y, a general equation always represents a conic.
• In polar form, find the equation of a conic.
• Find the equation of the plane which vertically bisects the line segment joining the points (2,-1,4) and (4,9,6).
• State and prove Taylor's theorem.

Calculus Bsc 1st Year Important Questions (2nd Paper)

(Differential Calculus Bsc 1st Year)

• Write the formula of the Radius of curvature for the parametric curve.
• Write the method of inspection to find Asymptotes.
• Write the working rule for finding the nature of double points of the curve f(x,y)=0
• Write Duplication Formula.
• Define Rectification. 
• Write the formula to evaluate double integrals in cartesian coordinates.
• Find the volume of the solid, generated by revolving the cardioid r=a(1+cos theta) 

You can use the question set given here to collect information about the type of questions, time given in the exam hall, and marks. 

These BSc maths question papers 1st year are being given in the form of PDFs. 

You can download it and use it offline also.

Bsc Maths 1st Year Question Papers PDF Download

The answers to the questions given in this post are available in the PDF given here. 

Answers to these questions are given in brief. Most of the questions are related to theory. 

You can use these notes as a B.sc 1st year math solution. 

It has been made keeping the examination in mind.

BSc 1st Year Maths Notes PDF Free Download

FAQ

Question - What are the subjects in BSc maths 1st year?

Answer - Part-1 (1st Year) (Set Theory, Matrices, Abstract Algebra, Theory of Equations and Trigonometry, Differential Calculus, Integral Calculus, and Analytical Geometry of Three Dimensions)

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B.sc 3rd Year Botany Syllabus 2023-2024 Session

In this post b.sc 3rd year botany syllabus is given for 2023-2024. 

The syllabus covers all those topics which are in the syllabus of any university. 

This is a common syllabus, which will act as a guide. 

This will guide those students who have just entered the third year and their university has not provided the updated syllabus. 

By covering the topics given in the BSc 3rd year botany syllabus, you can make notes for yourself in advance and make good use of your time. 

You can also download this syllabus in PDF. 

Students who have not yet received the syllabus and want to make good use of their time can continue their studies using this syllabus as their basis. 

If your university has released the BSC final year syllabus and there is a difference in this syllabus from its topic, then of course you should follow the syllabus of your university. 

The syllabi of all universities may be different, but some topics are common in all of them. 

Therefore, there should be no problem in following this syllabus. 

For better information about all these topics of the BSc Botany honors syllabus, you can also get help from an advanced book on this subject. 

This will increase your confidence level and also your knowledge level. 

The syllabus given in this post covers the topics of Paper 1, Paper 2, and Paper 3 of Botany Third Year. 

These have to be studied in B.Sc Botany subject.

BSc Botany Syllabus 2023-2024

Bsc 3rd Year Botany 1st Paper Syllabus

PAPER 1 – ECOLOGY AND PHYTOGEOGRAPHY

• Unit-1: -Plant Ecology: Definition, scope, branches, and Ecological factors affecting the vegetation. Ecosystem: Structure, its biotic and abiotic components, food chain and food web, ecological pyramids, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles.
• Unit-2: - Productivity: Primary and secondary productivity and their measurements Plant succession: causes. Process types: Hydrosere, Xerosere (Lithosere and Psammosere). Community: Structure and development
• Unit-3: - Pollution of air, water, Noise, their causes, consequences, and control. Resources: Renewable and non-renewable, management problem of depletion of natural vegetation; endangered plants. Red data book. National parks and sanctuaries.
• Unit-4: - Plant adaptations: Hydrophytes, Xerophytes, and Halophytes (morphological, anatomical, and physiological adaptations). Ecology of Rajasthan desert.
• Unit-5: - Biodiversity Phytogeography Introduction, continuous and discontinuous distribution, Phytogeography of India, Vegetational regions of India,. Plant indicators.

Bsc 3rd Year Botany 2nd Paper Syllabus

PAPER II- PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

• Unit-1:- Osmosis, plasmolysis, deplasmolysis Adsorption. Absorption of water. Ascent of sap. Concept of water potential. Transpiration (mechanism of opening &closing of stomata ) factors affecting transpiration and its importance Role of macro and microelements.
• Unit-2:- Photosynthesis: Photosynthetic pigments (Chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobilins)- structure and function. Light reactions mechanism of carbon fixation in C3 and C4 plants. Brief description of C.A.M. plants. compensation point. Factors affecting photosynthesis.
• Unit-3:- Respiration: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation, Photo-respiration factors affecting respiration. Fats: synthesis and degradation.
• Unit-4:- Plant growth regulators: Auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, ethylene, and abscisic acid, their discovery, structure, physiological effects, and applications. Seed dormancy, senescence, photoperiodism, and vernalization.
• Unit-5:- Enzymes General Characteristics, classification, mode of action, inhibitors. Principles and use of the following instruments, and techniques: pH measurement, centrifugation, colorimetry, chromatography (PC, TLC).

Bsc 3rd Year Botany 3rd Paper Syllabus

PAPER III - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY

• Unit-1:- Gene concept from Mendel to the molecular level, Genetic code, DNA types: DNA replication and transcription in prokaryotic system. Nif gene and nitrogen fixation.
• Unit-2:- Plasmids, kinds and their uses as vectors, the principle of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA technology. Tools of genetic engineering (PCR, gene sequencing, restriction enzymes, genomic library).
• Unit-3:- Interaction and expression of transgenes, Bt-toxin, Methods of gene transfer in higher plants, vector-mediated gene transfer. A brief account of vectorless gene transfer (Particle gun, liposomes, chemical methods).
• Unit-4:- History and scope of plant tissue culture. Basic techniques and tools of plant tissue culture. A brief amount of protoplast culture and fusion. Plant tissue culture in agriculture and forestry. Micropropagation and somatic embryogenesis.
• Unit-5:- Plant tissue culture in the industry, secondary plant products: definition types and uses of alkaloids, factors affecting the production of secondary products in cultures grown in bioreactors (fermentors).

Botany Syllabus PDF

Here B.Sc Botany Syllabus is being given in PDF form. 

This is very important for those students who rarely have access to the internet or study while living in remote areas. 

They can download the syllabus of this subject use it offline and continue their studies.

B.sc 3rd Year Botany Syllabus PDF Download

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